数字经济与全球价值链国内链长

Digital Economy and Domestic Production Stages of Global Value Chain

数字技术嵌入改变了全球价值链的参与方式与空间布局,为企业应对新一轮全球价值链重塑提供了机遇与挑战。为此,文章基于投入产出表与企业的进出口商品结构数据,从微观企业层面构建全球价值链嵌入长度的衡量指标,并进一步探究数字经济在其演进过程中扮演的重要角色。研究发现:(1)2001−2013年,国内企业的全球价值链嵌入长度呈先上升后下降的变动趋势,且加工贸易企业和外资企业对应的生产链条更长。(2)数字经济发展水平的提高显著促进了国内企业将原本位于国外的投入侧生产环节内向化,进而在全球价值链分工中参与更多的生产环节。(3)机制分析表明,数字经济主要通过提升生产率水平和降低外部交易成本两条渠道推动企业全球价值链嵌入长度的扩张。(4)异质性分析发现,数字经济对一般贸易企业参与全球价值链分工的促进效果更强,且只有当国内上游行业具备较强的中间品供给能力(包括生产能力与研发能力)时,数字经济的促进效果才能有效发挥。文章为我国把握数字经济发展战略机遇,构筑更加安全可靠的产业链供应链体系和国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局提供了政策启示。

Digital technology has changed the participation mode and spatial layout of global value chain(GVC),and provided opportunities and challenges for enterprises to cope with the new round of GVC remodeling.Existing research has paid more attention to the impact of digital technology on the division status in GVC,but less attention has been paid to how digital technology affects the production stages in the division of global values chain.This is undoubtedly not conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the reshaping effect of digital economy on GVC.Based on Input-Output tables for China and firm-level customs data,this paper quantifies the production stages of Chinese firms in GVC,and further explores the important role that the digital economy may play in its evolution process.The findings are as follows:(1)We document a trend of rising first and then declining in the upstreamness of imports,stable positioning of exports,and rapid expansion in production stages conducted in China over the 2001-2013 period.(2)Processing trade firms and foreign-funded firms span more stages because of higher import upstreamness and lower export upstreamness.(3)The development of digital economy significantly promotes domestic firms to participate in more production stages and this effect is mainly realized by internalizing the input-side production stage originally located abroad.(3)The development of digital economy mainly promotes firms to participate in more production stages in the global production line through two channels:improving productivity and reducing external transaction costs.(4)The promotion effect of digital economy on general trading firms is stronger,and this effect can be effective only when domestic upstream industries have strong intermediate supply capacity such as production capacity and R&D capacity.The contributions of this paper are that:First,it constructs a measurement index of the production stages of firms in GVC,and carefully examines how Chinese firms position themselves in global production lines from the perspective of spatial layout,which provides a new perspective and useful supplement for the research on GVC.Second,based on the number and scale of firms engaged in the digital economy in Chinese cities,it builds the digital economy development index,which helps to more scientifically and comprehensively investigate the development level of digital economy in each city.Third,it examines how production stages undertaken by Chinese firms evolve with the use of digital technology,which helps to deeply understand the reshaping effect of digital technology on the spatial layout of GVC,and provides a new idea for China to build a more secure and reliable supply chain system in the new era.