台前幕后:曼谷撤军谈判与缅北国民党军的第一次撤台(1953年5月—1954年9月)

Before and Behind the Scenes:The Bangkok Withdrawal Negotiations and the First Withdrawal of the KMT Troops in Northern Burma(May 1953-September 1954)

缅甸政府于1953年3月25日将缅北国民党军问题诉诸联合国后,4月23日第七届联大通过决议宣告缅北国民党军必须缴械投降接受拘留或撤出缅甸,建议相关各方通过谈判达成该目标。在美国主导、推动下,美国、缅甸、泰国和中国台湾当局于5月22日在曼谷正式开始有关缅北国民党军撤军问题的谈判。中国台湾当局在谈判中消极拖延,图谋有限撤军,而以李弥为首缅北国民党军则抵制撤军,导致撤军谈判延迟不决。在美缅泰三方施压下,中国台湾当局先后签署撤军协议和计划,但意在以退为进,继续实施有限撤军。英国的斡旋,尤其是同期召开的第八届联大给予中国台湾当局巨大压力,迫使其完成由有限撤军到扩大撤军的立场转变,从而巩固和扩大了曼谷撤军谈判的成果。最终缅北国民党军以超出中国台湾当局既定规模撤往中国台湾并于1954年9月完成第一次撤台。

After the Burmese government brought the issue of the KMT troops in northern Burma to the United Nations on March 25,1953,the seventh session of the General Assembly adopted a resolution on April 23,declaring that the KMT troops in northern Burma must be disarmed and either agree to internment or leave the territory of the Union of Burma,and suggesting it achieve the goal by negotiations.Led and promoted by the U.S.,the four sides including Burma,the U.S.,Thailand,and the Taiwan region formally began negotiations on May 22 in Bangkok.The China Taiwan authorities passively delayed the negotiations,seeking a limited withdrawal,while the KMT troops,led by Li Mi,resisted the withdrawal.The disagreements between the China Taiwan authorities and Li Mi and various front and backstage operations led to the delay of the withdrawal negotiations.With the pressure from the U.S.,Burma,and Thailand,the China Taiwan authorities signed a withdrawal agreement,but it did not intend to fully withdraw.The British mediation and especially the 8th General Assembly of the UN held in the same period put tremendous pressure on the China Taiwan authorities,forcing them to withdraw from a limited scale to a much larger scale,thus consolidating and expanding the results of the Bangkok withdrawal negotiations.The KMT troops in northern Burma eventually withdrew to China Taiwan on a scale larger than that was established by the China Taiwan authorities.They completed the first withdrawal in September 1954.