盐渍化土壤隔盐脱盐材料及技术研究进展

Research Progress of Materials and Technologies for Salt Isolation and Desalination of Salinized Soil

我国盐渍化土壤面积近1亿hm^(2),约占全国土地面积的1/10。盐渍化土壤面积仍在不断增加,而高盐浓度是导致盐渍化土壤物理化学性质差、生物活性低的首要因素。因此,降低盐渍化土壤中的高盐浓度是盐渍化土壤治理的核心任务,也是盐渍化土壤生态治理和农林业生产需要解决的首要问题。当前盐渍化土壤隔盐脱盐材料及技术主要分为3类,分别是基于水盐运移规律的物理隔盐脱盐材料及技术、基于离子交换和化学作用原理的化学脱盐材料及技术以及基于微生物活动的生物脱盐促生技术。文中综述盐渍化土壤隔盐脱盐材料及技术研究进展,分析这些材料及技术对盐渍化土壤的改良效果和作用机制,并提出未来研发隔盐脱盐材料及技术的建议,以期为盐渍化土壤高效改良技术研发提供有益参考。

The area of salinized soil in China is nearly 100 million ha,accounting for about 1/10 of the national land area,and it is still expanding rapidly.High salt concentration is the primary factor to poor physical and chemical properties and low biological activity of salinized soil.Therefore,lowering the high salt concentration in salinized soil is the core task of salinized soil treatment,and also the priority problem to be solved for salinized soil control and agriculture and forestry production.At present,the materials and technologies for salt isolation and desalination of salinized soil are mainly divided into three categories,i.e.,materials and technologies of physical salt isolation and desalination based on the law of water-salt transport,materials and technologies of chemical desalination based on the principle of ion exchange and chemical action,and technology of biological desalination for growth promotion based on microbial activity.This paper summarizes the research progress in materials and technologies for salt isolation and desalination of salinized soil,analyzes their effect and related action mechanisms on salinized soil treatment,and put forward suggestions on the future research and development of the materials and technologies for salt isolation and desalination,with a view to providing helpful references for future research and development of efficiency improvement technologies for salinized soil.