拓展概念隐喻理论视角下《诗品》中的诗歌本体隐喻和评价隐喻

The Ontological and Appraisal Metaphors on Poetry in Shipin:A Cognitive Approach from the Perspective of the Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory

本文从认知视角出发,运用K9vecses(2020)的拓展概念隐喻理论(ECMT),并结合Pragglejaz Group(2007)的隐喻识别法,识别并分析钟嵘《诗品》中的比喻表达,有如下发现:1)这些比喻表达背后的概念隐喻可归为七条诗歌本体隐喻:[诗是人],[诗是植物],[诗是工艺品],[诗是食物],[诗是发光体],[诗是天气现象],[诗是动物];2)这些本体隐喻将始源域的一些突出特征及人们对这些特征的评价投射于诗歌,形成相应的诗歌评价隐喻,如:[健壮为好/病弱为不好],[茂盛为好/繁芜为不好]等;3)《诗品》中的诗歌本体隐喻表现出很强的中国文化属性,比如织品、玉器、龙凤等文化符号的使用以及对纵向空间维度的强调;4)《诗品》中诗歌评价隐喻所显示出的诗歌审美与今时基本一致。

This is a cognitive analysis of the metaphorical expressions in Zhong Rong's Shipin based on the Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory(ECMT;Kövecses 2020)and the MIP method(Pragglejaz Group 2007).We have the following findings:1)There are seven main ontological metaphors on poetry underlying those expressions,which are POEM IS A HUMAN,POEM IS A PLANT,POEM IS A HANDICRAFT,POEM IS FOOD,POEM IS A LUMINARY,POEM IS A WEATHER PHENOMENON,and POEM IS AN ANIMAL.2)These ontological metaphors project the distinctive features of the source domains,together with people's evaluations of those features,onto POEM,resulting in appraisal metaphors on POEM.3)The ontological metaphors on POEM in Shipin are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture,which is especially shown in the use of cultural symbols such as silk,jade,dragon and phoenix and in the emphasis on the vertical axis.4)The aesthetic values underlying the appraisal metaphors on POEM in Shipin are largely in accordance with those of modern times.