生成式人工智能时代的政治传播走向——基于ChatGPT的讨论

Trends of Political Communication in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence--Based on A Discussion of ChatGPT

作为一种面向未来的新兴媒介,以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能技术很有可能将政治传播带入“第五代”。“第五代政治传播”延续“第四代政治传播”的特征,以人类进入民主社会以来、不断加剧的受众取向为主要发展方向。“第五代政治传播”也有“第四代政治传播”没有的新特征,这突出表现为:机器加入人类的公共性对话以及其可能产生的后果。在一种“人+机器”共同建构的信息环境中,人类区别于机器的本质属性——主体性——变得更有意义。一方面,人类应当充分“使用”新世界中的生成式人工智能技术,使之作为政治传播新兴“工具箱”的一部分。另一方面,面对生成式人工智能技术可能为民主社会带来的负面影响,人类必须以超越机器的反省能力建构新世界的政治传播规范。

As a future-oriented emerging medium,the generative AI technology represented by ChatGPT is likely to bring political communication into the“fifth age.”The“fifth age of political communication”continues the character of the“fourth age of political communication”and takes the audience orientation,which is increasingly intensified since we entered the democratic society as the main direction.The“fifth age of political communication”also has a new feature that the“fourth age”does not have.It is highlighted as a machine joining public conversation among humans and its possible consequences.In an information environment jointly constructed by“human+machine,”the essential nature that distinguishes human from the machine:subjectivity,becomes more meaningful.On the one hand,we need fully“use”generative AI technologies and make them a part of the emerging toolbox of political communication.On the other hand,faced with the negative impact that productive AI technology may bring to the democratic society,we have to construct political communication norms in the new world with an introspection ability based on transcending the machines.