韧性理念下风暴潮灾害应对的国际经验及启示

International experience and enlightenment in dealing with storm surge disaster under the concept of resilience

在全球气候变化的背景下,沿海城市正面临着巨大的风暴潮灾害的冲击,而传统规划设计在其功能和安全性的优化上缺乏弹性和可持续性。韧性理念作为近年来兴起的研究热点,引起了人居环境相关学科的广泛关注。本文结合荷兰、美国、英国、加拿大、巴西、泰国等国应对风暴潮灾害的丰富经验和多元实践,提取其特点和优势,尝试总结应对风暴潮灾害背景下的韧性模式,包括韧性基础设施建设(硬性基础设施、软性基础设施、混合式基础设施)、韧性社会管理建设(风险平衡系统、灾害补偿机制)以及韧性产业建设(韧性生态农业、韧性工业、韧性旅游业),旨在探讨积极规划设计应对风暴潮灾害的方法,为我国在国土空间安全格局的背景下应对风暴潮灾害的沿海韧性城市实践提供借鉴和启示。

In the context of global climate change,coastal cities are facing the impact of huge storm surge disasters,while the traditional planning and design lacks flexibility and sustainability in its function and safety optimization.As a hot research topic in recent years,the concept of resilience has attracted extensive attention from the subjects related to human settlement environment.Referring to experience and practice of storm surge disaster in Holland,America,Canada,Brazil,Thailand and other countries,the paper sets up a mode of resilience pattern,including resilient infrastructure(hard infrastructure,soft infrastructure and hybrid infrastructure),resilient construction of social management(risk balancing system,disaster compensation mechanism)and resilient industry construction(resilient ecological agricultural zone,resilient ecological tourism zone),the purpose is to explore the methods of positive planning and design,and to provide references and enlightenment for the resilient city practice of Chinese coastal cities in dealing with storm surge disasters.