稀土熔盐电解渣回收利用技术现状及展望

Present Situation and Prospect of Rare Earth Molten Salt Electrolytic Slag Recovery and Utilization Technology

稀土熔盐电解渣是熔盐电解制备稀土金属及其合金过程中产生的稀土基固废,含有丰富的稀土、氟和锂等资源。本文综述了从稀土熔盐电解渣中回收再利用有价金属的技术现状,介绍了物理法、酸法、碱法等工艺存在的技术优势及问题,着重分析了浓硫酸焙烧和氢氧化钠焙烧产业化技术存在的问题及未来的发展趋势,以期为资源化回收稀土熔盐电解渣提供参考。

Rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag is a rare-earth-based solid waste generated during the preparation of rare earth metals and their alloys by molten salt electrolysis,containing abundant rare earth metals,fluorine,and lithium resources.This paper reviews the present situation of valuable metal recovery and reuse from rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag,and introduces the technical advantages and problems of physical,acid,and alkali processes.The paper also focuses on the existing issues and future development trends of industrialized technologies of concentrated sulfuric acid roasting and sodium hydroxide roasting,hoping to provide reference for resource recycling of rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag.