社会保障与经济增长:效率与公平视角--基于劳动力供给与居民收入差距的路径研究

Social Security Expenditure and Economic Growth:Efficiency and Equity Perspectives--A Path Study Based on the Gap Between Labor Supply and Residents'Income

社会保障经济和社会的双重属性,有助于实现效率与公平的统一,维护社会公平与实现经济可持续发展。基于效率与公平双视角探析社会保障支出的经济效应,利用省际面板数据研究发现:社会保障支出有利于经济增长,且存在经济欠发达地区效应大于经济发达地区的区域异质性。其中,效率视角下,社会保障支出通过增加劳动力供给数量和优化劳动力供给质量(即人力资本积累)提高劳动生产率,进而有利于经济增长;公平视角下,社会保障支出通过再分配效应营造良好的经济社会环境,对经济增长产生激励效应。因此,建设与稳步发展社会保障制度,发挥其再分配功能及其对劳动力市场的激励作用,促进社会保障制度效率与公平协调发展,是实现中国经济增长的重要途径。

Social security is a dual attribute of economy and society,which helps to realize the unity of efficiency and equity,and maintain social equity and sustainable economic development.This paper analyzes the economic effects of social security expenditure from the perspectives of efficiency and equity,and uses inter-provincial panel data to find that social security expenditure is beneficial to economic growth,and there is regional heterogeneity in the effect of less developed areas than developed areas.From the perspective of efficiency,social security expenditure improves labor productivity by increasing the quantity of labor supply and optimizing the quality of labor supply(namely,human capital accumula-tion),which is conducive to economic growth.From the perspective of equity,social security expendi-ture creates a good economic and social environment through redistribution effect and has an incentive effect on economic growth.Therefore,the construction and steady development of the social security system,giving full play to its redistribution function and its incentive effect on the labor market,and promoting the efficiency and fair and coordinated development of the social security system are important ways to achieve Chinese economic growth.