乡村振兴中农民主体性表达的递进式逻辑及其优化路径

Progressive Logic and Optimization Path of the Expression of Peasants’Subjectivity in Rural Vitalization

作为乡村振兴的实践主体,农民的主体性表达状况直接关乎乡村振兴的成败。依据马克思主义人的主体性思想和吉登斯的结构化理论,基于系统性分析框架的研究发现:农民主体性表达基本遵循“自主性表达→自觉性表达→能动性表达→创造性表达”的递进式逻辑,每个表达环节的表现分别在于明确主体地位、激发主体意识、施展主体能力、发挥主体价值。受治理结构短板、价值认知局限、发展条件限制、社会环境障碍的共同影响,不少农民的主体性表达仍然在不同阶段处于不同程度的“被遮蔽”状态。通过明确主体边界、思想观念引导、完善要素供给、优化行动空间,真正实现“增权于农民、感化于农民、赋能于农民、服务于农民”,能够最大程度促进农民主体性的表达,进而对乡村振兴产生主体性推动作用。

As the main practice subject of rural vitalization,the expression of peasants’subjectivity is directly related to the success or failure of rural vitalization.According to the Marxist idea of subjectivity and Giddens’Theory of Structuration,based on the systematic analysis framework,this research has made some innovative findings.The expression of peasants’subjectivity basically follows the progressive logic of“Autonomy expression-Consciousness expression-Initiative expression-Creativity expression”,and the performance of each expression lies in clarifying the status,stimulating the consciousness,exerting the ability,and giving play to the value of rural vitalization.However,due to the joint influence of the shortcomings of the governance structure,the limitations of value cognition,the restrictions of development conditions,and the obstacles to the social environment,the expression of many peasants’subjectivity is still in a state of“being obscured”at different stages.To this end,by clarifying the boundaries of the subjects,guiding ideological concepts,improving the supply of factors,and optimizing the space for action,the realization of“empowering to peasants,indoctrinating to peasants,enabling to peasants,and serving to peasants”can promote the expression of peasants’subjectivity to the greatest extent,and then nudge the vitalization of rural area.