语言0-2逻辑:“二元倚变”与“二元共享”

10-2 Logic of Language:Co-variation and Di-branching

语言0-2逻辑是基于对话的“两元相关律逻辑”,高于基于命题的0-1逻辑。0-2逻辑消解主语和谓语的异质对立,将构成命题的前后项视为并置的对等项。从汉语的事实出发,本文阐释0-2逻辑的两个要素:二元倚变和二元共享。两个要素相依相存、经纬交织,是汉语组织运行规律的基础。通过英语和汉语的比较可以看出,英语也需要0-2逻辑才能覆盖全部事实,因为自然语言都存在于对话之中。另一方面,英语和汉语各有偏重,英语偏重0-1逻辑而汉语偏重0-2逻辑。造成英汉这一差异的原因可以解释为,语言演化的路径出现分叉,从名词和动词一体不二的原始状态出发,英语转而朝名动分立、主谓结构为主干的方向发展,汉语则保持名动的原始状态,继续朝形成对言格式的方向发展。深入研究0-2逻辑的要素,将有助于我们对假设的普遍语法做出更完善的模拟。

O-2 logic of language is a logic of correlative duality rooted in dialogue and interaction,which is higher than 0-1 logic of language based on a sentential proposition.The opposition between subject and predicate is dispelled and both are deemed as equated terms in juxtaposition.Starting from the facts of Chinese,this paper explicates two interdependent elements of 0-2 logic,co-variation and di-branching.The interweaving of the two elements constitutes the Chinese way of construction.Through comparison between English and Chinese,it is found that English also needs 0-2 logic in order to cover all the facts because all languages are rooted in dialogue and interaction.On the other hand,the two languages differ in that English is inclined to 0-1 logic while Chinese to 0-2 logic.This difference is proposed to be caused by a branching occurred in the course of language evolution.While English turned to developing a noun-verb opposition and a subject-predicate structure,Chinese kept the super-noun category and developed a parallel pattern as its structural backbone.A thorough study of the elements of 0-2 logic will deepen our understanding of the hypothetical universal grammar of language.