藏族药方剂信息库构建及知识发现的探索与实践

Exploration and practice on construction of Tibetan medicine prescription information database and knowledge discovery

探索藏族药(以下简称藏药)方剂信息的底层框架和数据特征。基于《四部医典》等11部藏医药经典文献,收集藏药方剂信息,应用最优归类法归纳总结藏药方剂信息构成框架,梳理数据收集、规范、翻译、分析等过程中存在的关键问题和解决办法。共收集到方剂11316首,组方药物涉及词条有139011条,涉及效用信息共63567条。整理发现藏药方剂信息可归纳为“编号-方源-名称-组成-效用-附录-备注”等七位一体的主体框架和18项展开层,该框架能载有方剂相关的传承、炮制、基原、剂量、语义等所有信息。基于框架提出了“历史时间轴”的方剂传承源流挖掘方法、“一体五层”的组方药物规范方法、“连-分-连”的效用信息构建方法以及适合藏药方剂知识发现研究的先进算法。藏药方剂在藏医“三因学”“五源学”,以及“味性化味”理论指导下具有明显特色和优势,该研究基于藏药方剂自身特色,提出了多层次多属性的底层数据架构,为藏药方剂信息库构建及知识发现提供了新方法和新模式,提高藏药方剂信息与各级标准一致性、互通性,以期实现“古今相连-正本清源-数据共享”的藏药方剂信息化、现代化研究路径。

This study aimed to explore the underlying framework and data characteristics of Tibetan prescription information.The information on Tibetan medicine prescriptions was collected based on 11 Tibetan medicine classics,such as Four Medical Canons(Si Bu Yi Dian).The optimal classification method was used to summarize the information structure of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and sort out the key problems and solutions in data collection,standardization,translation,and analysis.A total of 11316 prescriptions were collected,involving 139011 entries and 63567 pieces of efficacy information of drugs in prescriptions.The information on Tibe-tan medicine prescriptions could be summarized into a"seven-in-one"framework of"serial number-source-name-composition-efficacy-appendix-remarks"and 18 expansion layers,which contained all information related to the inheritance,processing,origin,dosage,semantics,etc.of prescriptions.Based on the framework,this study proposed a"historical timeline"method for mining the origin of prescription inheritance,a"one body and five layers"method for formulating prescription drug specifications,a"link-split-link"method for constructing efficacy information,and an advanced algorithm suitable for the research of Tibetan prescription knowledge discovery.Tibetan medicine prescriptions have obvious characteristics and advantages under the guidance of the theories of"three factors","five sources",and"Ro-nus-zhu-rjes"of Tibetan medicine.Based on the characteristics of Tibetan medicine prescriptions,this study proposed a multi-level and multi-attribute underlying data architecture,providing new methods and models for the construction of Tibetan medicine prescription information database and knowledge discovery and improving the consistency and interoperability of Tibetan medicine prescription information with standards at all levels,which is expected to realize the"ancient and modern connection-cleaning up the source-data sharing",so as to promote the informatization and modernization research path of Tibetan medicine prescriptions.