2011—2021年淄博市新发职业病发病现状及趋势分析

Analysis on current situation and trend of newly reported occupational diseases in Zibo City from 2011-2021

目的分析2011—2021年淄博市新发职业病现状及发病趋势,为制定职业病防治措施提供理论依据。方法收集2011—2021年淄博市网络直报的新发职业病病例资料,按年度、地区、行业、企业经济类型、企业规模等维度对淄博市近11年新发职业病现状与发病趋势进行数据分析,同时对不同类别的职业病例数随时间变化进行拟合。结果2011—2021年淄博市新发职业病共计2068例,其中以职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病(84.53%)、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病(8.32%)和职业性化学中毒(4.88%)为主。尘肺病以煤工尘肺和矽肺居多,共占该类别职业病的89.76%。职业病病例数随着时间进展呈现先升后降趋势,并于2016年达到峰值。所有县区均有病例报告,但主要集中在淄川、博山和张店3个区,共占总病例数的78.38%。发病年龄范围21~87岁,男女比例12∶1;发病行业分布居前3位的是采矿业、制造业和建筑业,共占总病例数的87.91%;发病企业经济类型分布以私有经济、国有经济和集体经济企业为主,共占总病例数的97.78%;新发职业病主要集中于大、中型企业。结论应针对性的制定政策措施加强淄博市淄川区、博山区、张店区等重点地区,采矿业、制造业、建筑业等重点行业,以及私有经济、国有经济、集体经济和大、中型等重点类型和规模企业的职业病防治工作,同时加强对非重点及其新发职业病的关注。

Objective To provide a theoretical basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control measures by analyzing the current situation and trend of newly reported occupational diseases in Zibo City from 2011-2021.Methods The data of new occupational disease cases directly reported by the network in Zibo City from 2011-2021 were collected.The current situation and incidence trend of new occupational diseases in Zibo City in recent 1l years were analyzed according to the dimensions of year,region,industry,enterprise economic type and enterprise scale.At the same time,the number of occupational disease cases in different categories was fited over time.Results From 2011-2021,there were 2068 newly reported occupational diseases in Zibo City,mainly including occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases(84.53%),occupational otolaryngology and oral diseases(8.32%)and occupational chemical poisoning(4.88%).The coal worker's pneumoconiosis and silicosis were the most common pneumoconiosis diseases,accounting for 89.76%of this category of occupational diseases.The number of occupational disease cases increased first and then decreased with the progress of time,and reached the peak in 2016.All counties and districts had case reports,but they were mainly concentrated in Zichuan District,Boshan District and Zhangdian District,accounting for 78.38%of the total cases.The age of onset ranged from 21 to 87 years old,with a male to female ratio of 12:1.The top three industries were mining,manufacturing and construction,accounting for 87.91%of the total cases.The economic types of enterprises were mainly private economy,state-owned economy and collective economy enterprises,accounting for 97.78%of the total cases.The newly reported occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in large and medium-sized enterprises.Conclusion It is necessary to formulate targeted policies and measures to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases in key areas such as Zichuan District,Boshan District and Zhangdian District,key industries such as mining,manufacturing and construction,as well as private economy,state-owned economy,collective economy,large and mediumsized enterprises,and pay more attention to non-essential and emerging occupational diseases.