6~12岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童的适应行为发展水平分析

Development of adaptive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder aged 6-12 years old

目的了解6~12岁孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童适应行为发展水平。方法选取浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院发育行为科就诊的65名6~12岁ASD儿童作为研究对象,使用儿童版适应行为评定量表(第2版)(ABAS-Ⅱ)评测其适应行为。结果6~12岁ASD儿童适应行为中9项技能、3个领域、一般适应综合分数均低于常模均值,社交技能和自我管理得分最低,社会技能得分为(83.89±12.69)分,显著低于概念技能得分[(88.65±13.44)分]及实用技能得分[(90.78±12.97)分];7~<8岁组的沟通(9.67±2.38)、居家生活(9.60±2.95)、自我照顾(8.67±1.99)三项技能,社会技能(91.53±13.07)、实用技能(98.93±13.17)两个领域以及一般适应综合(96.00±13.14)得分高于其他年龄组(均P<0.05)。结论相比同龄人,6~12岁ASD儿童适应行为发展水平总体落后,在社交技能、自我管理能力以及社会技能领域落后更明显,在全面干预的基础上,需重点关注上述技能。

Objective To investigate the development of adaptive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder aged 6-12 years old.Methods A total of 65 children with ASD aged 6-12 years old who visited Department of Developmental-Behavior Pediatrics,Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine were enrolled as study subject.Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-Ⅱ(ABAS-Ⅱ)was used to assess their adaptive behavior.Results General adaptive composite,all three adaptive composites,and nine skill areas scores of 65 children with ASD aged 6-12 years old were lower than the norm mean levels.Relative weaknesses were found in the skill areas of community use and self-direction.Social composite score(83.89±12.69)was lower than the scores of conceptual composite(88.65±13.44)and practical composite(90.78±12.97).The children in 7-<8-year-old group had higher comprehensive scores than the other age groups in the three skill areas of communication(9.67±2.38),home living(9.60±2.95)and self-care(8.67±1.99),two composites of social skills(91.53±13.07)and practical skills(98.93±13.17),and general adaptive composite(96.00±13.14)(P<0.05).Conclusion The development of adaptive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder aged 6-12 years old is overall backward,especially in community use,self-direction,and social composite.The above skills should be focused based on comprehensive intervention.