全民所有自然资源资产损害赔偿机制的法律构造

The Legal Construction of the Compensation Mechanism for the Damage to Natural Resources Assets Owned by the Whole People

全民所有自然资源资产损害的三个基本方面构成:民事主体、自然资源资产权益、不利益影响,决定了全民所有自然资源资产损害赔偿机制构建的基本法律逻辑。生态环境损害赔偿与全民所有自然资源资产损害赔偿“同质化”假象的客观存在,使全民所有自然资源资产损害赔偿机制构建面临根本性挑战。事实上,全民所有自然资源资产损害赔偿与生态环境损害赔偿在请求权基础、索赔主体定位、赔偿侧重点等方面存在系统性本质差异,充分体现了全民所有自然资源资产损害赔偿机制的独立定位。全民所有自然资源资产损害赔偿的实际展开,应以基于委托代理而实际行使所有权的主体作为损害索赔主体,损害赔偿范围应包括全民所有自然资源资产自身承载的财产价值损失和资产增值收益损失两个方面。

The damage to natural resources assets owned by the whole people consists of three basic elements:civil subjects,rights and interests of natural resources assets,and adverse interest effects.This determines the basic legal logic of the construction of the compensation mechanism for the damage to natural resources assets owned by the whole people.Due to the objective existence of the illusion of the“homogenization”between the compensation for ecological damage and the compensation for the damage to natural resources assets owned by the whole people,the construction of the compensation mechanism for the latter is faced with fundamental challenges.In fact,there are systematic and essential differences between these two types of compensation mechanism in terms of the basis of claims,the positioning of the claimant,and the focus of compensation,which fully reflects the independent status of the compensation mechanism for the damage to natural resources assets owned by the whole people.In the actual implementation of the compensation for the damage to natural resources assets owned by the whole people,the subjects who actually exercise the ownership by mandate should become the claimants for the damage,and the scope of compensation for the damage should include both the loss of property value carried by the natural resources assets and the loss of asset appreciation.