稀土熔盐渣中有价金属综合回收技术研究现状及进展

Research Status and Progress of Comprehensive Recovery Technology of Valuable Metals from Rare Earth Molten Salt Slag

中国是稀土生产大国,在每年的工业生产中都会产生大量的稀土固废,其中熔盐电解法制备稀土金属过程中产生的熔盐电解冶炼渣成分复杂、稀土含量较高(20%~80%,以稀土氧化物计)。结合国家稀土资源的可持续发展战略,本文针对稀土熔盐渣中稀土元素等有价金属的综合回收方法进行了综述总结,包括酸浸回收法、碱转酸浸法、盐转焙烧法等工艺,分析对比了各回收工艺的原理、特点和优劣,总结概述了各工艺综合回收稀土等有价金属时的最佳条件,为后续探究高效回收稀土等有价金属的工艺、解决稀土资源短缺问题提供了参考与技术支持。

As a major producer of rare earth,China produces a large amount of solid wastes of rare earth in industrial production every year.Among them,the molten salt electrolysis slag produced in the process of preparing rare earth metals by molten salt electrolysis has complex composition and high content of rare earth.Combining with the national sustainable development strategy of rare earth resources,this paper reviewed the methods for the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals such as rare earth elements in rare earth molten salt slag,including acid leaching recovery,alkali acid leaching and salt roasting etc,analyzed the principle,characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of the recycling processes,summarized the best condition in various processes of comprehensive recovery of the valuable metals such as rare earths.It can offer a reference for further studies of technologies for effective recovery of rare earth so as to solve the problem of rare earth resource shortage.