护理人员职业应激现状及其与心理韧性、应对方式的关系

Current Situation of Occupational Stress in Nursing Staff and Its Relationship with Psychological Resilience and Coping Style

目的探讨护理人员职业应激现状及其与心理韧性、应对方式的关系。方法于2021-12月选取作者医院305名在职女性护理人员作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷调查护理人员的一般资料,护士工作职业应激源量表(nurse job stressors scale,NJSS)评估护理人员职业应激水平,心理韧性量表(Connor-Davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)评估护理人员的心理韧性水平,简易应对方式量表(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)评估护理人员面对生活或工作事件所采取的应对方式。采用Pearson相关分析探讨护理人员职业应激与心理韧性、应对方式的相关性,采用多因素线性回归分析探讨护理人员职业应激现状的影响因素。结果本研究305名护理人员职业应激总分、工作负荷、工作期望、工作性质、人际关系以及病人相关得分均低于全国常模(P<0.05),家庭/工作平衡维度得分与全国常模差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);305名护理人员心理韧性总分(75.16±7.49)分,其中坚韧(41.19±5.35)分、自强(25.11±4.70)分、乐观(8.89±2.65)分;应对方式总分(33.63±5.70)分,其中积极应对(24.56±4.52)分,消极应对(9.08±3.42)分。Pearson相关分析显示,护理人员的职业应激总分与心理韧性总分、应对方式总分均呈负相关(r/P值分别为-0.562/0.002、-0.418/0.013);护理人员的职业应激各维度评分与坚韧、自强、乐观维度、积极应对均呈负相关,与消极应对呈正相关(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,不同受教育程度、月收入、倒班工作的护理人员NJSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素线性回归分析结果显示,受教育程度、月收入、倒班工作、心理韧性以及应对方式均是护理人员职业应激的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论作者医院护理人员普遍存在不同程度的职业应激,且与心理韧性和应对方式呈负相关。应该提高护理人员的心理韧性水平,采取积极的应对方式,进而减轻其职业应激水平,使其更好地从事护理工作。

Objective To investigate the current situation of occupational stress in nursing staff and its relationship with psychological resilience and coping style.Methods A total of 305 female nursing staff in the author′s hospital were selected as the research subjects in December 2021.The general information of the nursing staff was investigated by the general information questionnaire,the occupational stress level of the nurses was assessed by the nurse job stressors scale(NJSS),the nurses′psychological resilience level was assessed by Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC),the way nursing staff respond to life or work events was assessed by simplified coping style questionnaire(SCSQ).The correlation between occupational stress and psychological resilience,coping style of nursing staff was explored by Pearson correlation analysis and the influencing factors of occupational stress status of nursing staff were analyzed by multivariate linear regression.Results The total score of occupational stress,workload,job expectation,work nature,interpersonal relationship and patient-related scores of the 305 nursing staff in this study were all lower than those of the national norm(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the family/work balance dimension scores(P>0.05).A total score of psychological resilience of 305 nursing staff was(75.16±7.49),including tenacity(41.19±5.35),self-improvement(25.11±4.70)and optimism(8.89±2.65);the total score of coping style was(33.63±5.70),including positive coping(24.56±4.52)and negative coping(9.08±3.42).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of occupational stress of nursing staff was negatively correlated with the total score of psychological resilience and coping style(r=-0.562,-0.418,P=0.002,0.013).The dimension score of occupational stress was negatively correlated with tenacity,self-improvement,optimistic dimension and positive coping,and was positively correlated with negative coping(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the NJSS scores of nursing staff with different educational levels,monthly income and shift work were significantly different(P<0.05).The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that educational levels,monthly income,shift work,psychological resilience and coping style were the influencing factors of occupational stress among nursing staff(P<0.05).Conclusion Nursing staff in author′s hospital generally has a certain degree of occupational stress,which is negatively correlated with psychological resilience and coping style.The psychological resilience level of nursing staff should be improved,and positive coping methods should be adopted to reduce their occupational stress level which can better engage in nursing work.