技术偏好异质性、农户参与式方案创设与政策绿色转型

Technology Preference Heterogeneity,Scheme Design of Farmers'Participation,and Green Transformation of Policies

本文基于离散选择实验,以绿色农业技术与配套政策为主要内容创设农业环境计划方案,利用对宁夏和黑龙江两省(区)195户稻农的问卷调查数据,运用混合Logit模型和潜在类别模型分析稻农选择农业环境计划方案的行为规律、受偿意愿,并创设最佳农业环境计划方案。本研究得到四点结论:第一,稻农整体上偏好测土配方施肥技术和田间技术培训,抵触秸秆还田、高效低毒生物农药、生态沟渠和生态缓冲带技术。第二,稻农在对绿色农业技术和培训方式的选择上呈现显著的异质性,本文依其选择偏好分为体力节约型和时间节约型两类。两类稻农农业环境计划方案的参与率分别为45.11%和49.59%,与国际同类研究相比处于较高水平。第三,对于体力节约型稻农,测土配方施肥、参加田间和村部技术培训能够显著促进其参与农业环境计划方案,而秸秆还田、高效低毒生物农药和生态沟渠技术对其参与农业环境计划方案有显著的负向影响;对于时间节约型稻农,测土配方施肥、侧条施肥、30%有机肥替代无机肥等技术对其参与农业环境计划方案有显著的正向影响,而生态缓冲带技术和三种培训对其参与农业环境计划方案均有显著的负向影响。第四,因偏好异质性的存在,稻农受偿意愿有很大差异。本文根据稻农偏好异质性计算出差异化且更具针对性的受偿意愿。对于两类稻农偏好的技术,即使放弃一部分补偿他们也愿意采用这些技术;而对于两类稻农非偏好的技术,政府给予稻农更高的补贴激励就显得尤为重要。最终,本文创设了最佳农业环境计划方案,方案由必选部分、可选部分、培训要求、补贴额度与其他要求构成。

Based on the discrete choice experiment,this paper designs agri-environmental schemes with respect to the green agricultural technologies and supporting policies.By using 836 questionnaires of rice farmers in Ningxia and Heilongjiang provinces,we use the mixed logit model and latent class model to analyze rice farmers'choices and willingness to accept,proposing the optimal agri-environmental schemes for the study areas.The empirical findings are as follows.First,rice farmers generally prefer to soil testing and formula fertilization with training in the field,but dislike other practices such as rice and wheat straw returning to the field,high-efficiency and low-toxicity bio-pesticides,and ecological ditches and buffer zones.Second,there is significant heterogeneity in farmers'preferences on various green agricultural technologies and training methods.Based on the preferences,we classify the farmers into two groups,namely,strength-saving farmers and time-saving farmers.The average probability of choosing agri-environmental schemes for the two groups is 45.11%and 49.59%,respectively,which are at a high level compared with foreign studies in the literature.Third,for the strength-saving rice farmers,soil testing and formula fertilization and training in the field and in the village significantly promote their participation,while rice and wheat straw returning to field,high-efficiency and low-toxicity bio-pesticides,and ecological ditches have significant negative effects.For the time-saving rice farmers,soil testing and formula fertilization,side bar fertilization,and 30%organic fertilizer as alternative to inorganic fertilizer,have significant and positive effects on their participation,while buffer zones and all kinds of training methods have significant and negative effects.Fourth,the heterogeneity preferences of rice farmers lead to great differences in their willingness to accept,and thus we calculate differentiated and more specific willingness to accept.They are willing to adopt their preferred technologies even if they receive lower subsidies;for technologies they do not prefer,it is particularly important for the government to provide additional subsidies.Finally,we propose the optimal agri-environmental scheme that consists of required section,optional section,training requirements,subsidy amount and other requirements.