从阿帕网到区块链:网络中心化与去中心化的法律规制

From APARNET to Blockchain:Regulation of Internet Centralization and Decentralization

互联网的中心化与去中心化不仅是技术问题,更是法律问题。互联网的去中心化被过度神话,需要进行祛魅与法律规制。从阿帕网到万维网、Web1.0与Web2.0,互联网的中心化与去中心化并非二元对立,去中心化也并不一定具有价值优越性。互联网的中心化与去中心化具有高度复杂的宪制性特征,需要结合不同的网络结构,综合考虑安全、效率、平等多种法律价值。Web3.0试图借助区块链技术,实现用户对于内容与数据的控制,从而摆脱大型互联网企业的控制,实现去中心化。但区块链和Web3.0的金融化面临较大风险,加密货币、NFT等应受到法律规制,限定其应用场景。而区块链和Web3.0在非金融领域的应用则面临落地难题,其在元宇宙、底层网络架构等场景的应用面临个体控制困难、应用成本高昂、公共领域丧失等问题。以区块链技术为代表的Web3.0提出了正确的问题,但其解决方案难以代表下一代互联网的发展方向,法律不应将互联网的彻底去中心化作为规制目标。

The centralization and decentralization of the Internet are not only technical issues,but also legal issues.The decentralization of the Internet has been mythologized,requiring disenchantment and legal regulation.From APARNET to the World Wide Web,Web1.O and Web2.o,the centralization and decentralization of the Internet are not opposites,and decentralization does not necessarily have value superiority.The centralization and decentralization of the Internet have highly complex constitutional characteristics,which require comprehensive consideration of various legal values such as security,efficiency,and equality and different network structures.Web3.0 attempts to leverage blockchain technology to achieve user control over con-tent and data,thereby jumping out of the control of large internet enterprises and achieving decentralization.However,the financing in blockchain and Web3.0 faces significant risks,and cryptocurrencies,NFTs and others should be subject to legal regulations and limited in their application scenarios.The application of blockchain and Web3.0 in the non-financial field,by contrast,faces difficulties in implementation.Its application in scenarios such as the metaverse and network architecture faces difficulties in individual control,high application costs,and loss of public domain.Web3.o,represented by blockchain technology,proposes the correct questions but its solution cannot represent the trend of the next generation Internet.The law should not consider complete decentralization of the Internet as a regulatory goal.