Web3.0时代重构竞争法治的开放和统一

Reconstructing an Open and Unified Competition Rule of Law

Web3.0架构、生成式人工智能和全国统一大市场围绕数据形成互衔链条。Web3.0架构是以用户为中心的开放式互联网形态,Web2.0架构中以数字平台为中心,形成诸多“围墙花园”封闭式竞争结构。在Web2.0架构下,互联网巨头实施的平台封禁是新型垄断行为之一。它阻碍互联网互联互通,不利于生成式人工智能发展,损害全国统一大市场的形成,但平台封禁并不等同于拒绝交易等既有垄断行为,难以纳入传统反垄断法分析框架之中。平台封禁人为构造和维护进入壁垒,排除或限制竞争,具有无经济意义、提高竞争对手成本和损害公共利益等劣质,缺乏正当性。为推动Web2.0架构向Web3.0架构转型,促进全国统一大市场的形成,应探索建构开放型竞争规则:建立识别新型垄断行为和市场控制力的系列规则,并将促进数字平台的开放和数据正当使用融入竞争法治,建构激励型公平竞争机制,为生成式人工智能提供数据支持,促成互联互通统一市场。

The Web3.0 architecture,generative artificial intelligence and unified national market are interconnected by data.The Web3.0 architecture is an open Internet form centered on users,while the Web2.0 architecture is centered on digital platforms,which results in many"walled gardens"closed competition structures.Under the Web 2.0 framework,the platform bans imposed by Internet giants are one of the new monopoly behaviors.It hinders Internet interconnection,does harm to the development of generative artificial intelligence,and damages the formation of a unified national market.However,platform bans are not equivalent to existing monopolistic behaviors such as refusal to trade,and it is dificult to incorporate them into the analysis framework of traditional anti-monopoly laws.Platform bans artificially construct and maintain barriers to entry,exclude or restrict competition,which has the inferior qualities of making no e-conomic sense,raising competitors'costs and damaging public interests,and lacks justification.To promote the transformation of Web2.0 to Web3.0 architecture and the formation of a unified national market,it is necessary to explore the construction of open competition rules including establishing a set of rules to identify new monopolistic behaviors and market control,promoting open and legitimate use of data being integrated into the rule of competition law,encouraging an incentive-based fair competition mechanism,providing data support for generative artificial intelligence and facilitating an interconnected and unified market.