论财产犯罪中数据资产的占有及转移

On the Possession and Transfer of Data Assets in Property Crimes

作为财产犯罪对象的数据资产需能够映射现实的财产利益,继而归入财产性利益予以刑法保护。财产犯罪中的占有在本质上是一种控制支配方式,完全基于共识区块链技术的去中心化数据资产,以私钥作为控制支配的关键,属于凭借现实的或者实际的“力”对其进行直接控制的事实占有;包括私有链和联盟链在内的数据资产,其实质与基于网络通信等技术的中心化数据资产并无质异,均属于凭借相应的网络社区规则、制度等规范性要素进行间接控制的规范占有。数据资产作为财产性利益可以转移占有,其在财产犯罪中占有转移的标准具体表现为:对于已处于他人占有之下的数据资产,要体现出实际的财产损害;对于非法生成的数据资产,该部分数据资产所映射的现实财产利益已显现出被侵害的状态或事实。

Data assets that can be subject to property crimes must be able to map to real property interests and thus be protected by criminal law as property interests.Possession in property crimes is essentially a way of controlling.Decentralized data assets entirely based on consensus blockchain technology,with private keys as the key to control and domination,belong to factual possession,which relies on real or actual"power"to exert direct control over them.Data assets,including private chains and consortium chains,are essentially no different from centralized data assets based on network communication technologies.They are both normatively owned through the indirect control under corresponding network community rules and institutions.As a property interest,data assets can be transferred through possession.The standard for possession transfer in property crimes for data assets can be specifically demonstrated as:the actual property damage suffered by the victim for data assets already under the possession of others,and the state of being infringed or fact of the real property interests mapped by the portion of illegally generated data assets.