软件源代码强制披露制度建构的中国方案

A Chinese Scheme on Compulsory Disclosure System of Source Code

源代码披露比算法公开更深地干涉软件权利人的知识产权,其制度构建面临来自源代码的知识产权保护理论、软件行业惯例和国际条约的直接阻力。为消除阻力,我国源代码强制披露制度的建构可以借鉴数字贸易谈判的初步成果,以封闭保护为原则,强制披露为例外,以“场景公正”为指导,贯彻合法行政和比例原则,根据具体场景之下源代码的拥有者、使用目的和规制目标等因素,确定源代码披露的程度大小,并提供相应的救济程序。我国应以国内制度建构为基础,尽快在数字贸易谈判中提出自己的源代码规则,明确缔约国原则上不得以市场准入为条件强制要求披露源代码,同时充分吸收各类合理的例外场景以确保国家对源代码的正当规制,为软件产业的国内运营和出海竞争谋求更公平的市场营商环境。

The mandatory disclosure of source code interferes more deeply with intellectual property interests of software rights holders than the disclosure of algorithms,and its institutional construction is resisted by the intellectual property protection,software industry practices,and international treaties.To eliminate resistance,the construction of China's mandatory disclosure system of source code can draw inspirations from the preliminary results in digital trade negotiations.With closed protection as principle,mandatory disclosure as exception,and"scenario fair-ness"as the guidance,the principle of legal administration and proportionality should be imple-mented.Based on factors such as code owners,purposes of use,and regulatory objectives of the source code in specific scenarios,the extent of source code disclosure shall be determined and corresponding remedy procedures provided.China should base on the domestic system construction and propose its own source code rules as soon as possible in digital trade negotiations,clari-fying that contracting parties in principle should not require mandatory disclosure of source code based on market access conditions.At the same time,it should fully consider various reasonable exceptions to ensure the legitimate regulation of source code by the state,and guarantee a fairer business environment for the domestic market and overseas competition of software industry.