基于结构方程模型公务员颈椎病患病风险影响因素的调查

Investigation on risk factors of cervical spondylosis in civil servants based on structural equation model

目的对重庆市渝中区公务员颈椎病患病风险的影响因素进行调查,利用结构方程模型分析各影响因素作用路径及大小。方法采用分层整群抽样法,于2021年10—12月对重庆市渝中区342名公务员颈椎病患病风险因素进行调查,利用主成分分析法提取相关潜在变量,构建结构方程模型分析其影响因素。结果重庆市渝中区公务员颈椎病患病风险总得分为(25.32±3.99)分,疲劳程度得分为(8.92±1.86)分,行为因素得分为(16.40±4.49)分。不同年龄、工作年限、出现过颈痛、颈痛部位、工作时会昂首挺胸抬头、背单肩包、腰痛、耳鸣的公务员颈椎病患病风险中的疲劳程度与行为因素得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。潜在疾病因素直接效应为3.412,社会特征因素产生的直接影响为-0.317,肢体状况因素通过影响潜在疾病因素对公务员颈椎病患病因素的间接效应为0.088。结论重庆市渝中区公务员颈椎病患病风险处于中等水平,潜在疾病因素和社会特征因素对公务员颈椎病患病风险有直接影响,肢体状况因素通过中介作用影响潜在疾病因素,对公务员颈椎病患病风险有间接的影响。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of cervical spondylosis risk among civil servants in Yuzhong District of Chongqing,analyze the action path and size of each influencing factor by using structural equation model.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the risk factors of cervical spondylosis in 342 civil servants in Yuzhong District of Chongqing from October to December 2021.The principal component analysis method was used to extract the relevant potential variables,and the structural equation model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors.Results The total score of cervical spondylosis risk of civil servants in Yuzhong District of Chongqing was(25.32±3.99)points,the fatigue factor score was(8.92±1.86)points,and the behavioral factor score was(16.40±4.49)points.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of fatigue and behavioral factors in the risk of cervical spondylosis among civil servants of different age,working years,having neck pain,neck pain parts,raising their heads and heads high at work,carrying a shoulder bag,low back pain,and tinnitus(all P<0.05).The direct effect of potential disease factors was 3.412,the direct effect of social characteristic factors was-0.317,and the indirect effect of limb condition factors on civil servants'cervical spondylosis by influencing potential disease factors was 0.088.Conclusion The risk of cervical spondylosis in civil servants in Yuzhong District of Chongqing is at a medium level,the potential disease factors and social characteristics have a direct impact on the risk of cervical spondylosis in civil servants,and the limb status factors affect the risk of cervical spondylosis in civil servants through mediation,which have an indirect impact on the risk of cervical spondylosis in civil servants.