2011-2020年云南省职业病发病规律和特征分析

Analysis on disease regularity and characteristics of occupational diseases in Yunnan Province from 2011-2020

目的了解2011—2020年云南省职业病发病规律和特征,为职业病防治工作提供参考依据。方法收集“职业病与健康危害因素监测信息系统”中2011—2020年云南省的职业病新发病例,统计分析病例的病种、地区、行业分布等情况。结果2011—2020年云南省报告职业病新发病例3894例。其中,职业性尘肺病、职业中毒和职业性皮肤病报告新发病例数位居前3位,分别占92.42%、5.83%和0.51%;男性病例所占比例(98.97%)远高于女性(1.03%);病例年龄中位数为46岁,发病工龄中位数为7.42年;报告的职业病新发病例从2011年起逐年增高,在2014年达到最高点,此后呈波动下降趋势;病例地区分布前3位分别为楚雄州、昆明市、昭通市,行业主要分布在采矿业和制造业,以小型企业和私有经济为主。结论职业性尘肺病是2011—2020年云南省职业病的主要病种,职业病呈地区、行业和企业的聚集性分布,加强对重点行业和企业的职业病预防和控制是职业病的防治重点。

Objective To analyze the regularity and characteristics of occupational diseases in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2020,provide a scientific basis for occupational disease prevention.Methods The new cases of occupational diseases in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2020 were collected from the"Occupational diseases and health hazactors monitoring information system",and the disease,region and industry distribution of cases were statistically analyzed.Results From 2011 to 2020,3894 new occupational disease cases were reported in Yunnan Province.Among them,the number of new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis,occupational poisoning and occupational skin disease ranked top three,accounting for 92.42%,5.83%and 0.51%respectively.The proportion of male cases(98.97%)was much higher than that of female cases(1.03%).The median age of cases was 46 years old,and the median length of service was 7.42 years.The new cases of occupational diseases increased year by year since 2011,reaching its peak in 2014,after that,it has shown a fluctuating downward trend.The top three regions were Chuxiong Prefecture,Kunming City and Zhaotong City.The industry was mainly distributed in the mining and manufacturing industries,mainly small enterprises and private economy.Conclusion The occupational pneumoconiosis is the main disease of occupational diseases in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2020,the occupational diseases show the cluster distribution in regions,industries and enterprises,and strengthening the prevention and control of occupational diseases in key industries and enterprises is the focus of occupational disease prevention.