定向越野练习对小学生近视防控的干预效果评价

Effects of orienteering exercises on myopia prevention and control of primary school students

目的探讨定向越野练习对小学生近视防控的干预效果,为有效防控近视提供参考。方法对陕西师范大学附属小学五年级的10~11岁学生进行视力筛查,选取120名近视小学生随机分为实验组(60名)和对照组(60名),实验组在对照组的基础上进行定向越野项目练习,通过ETG眼镜式眼动仪测试眼球变化特征,比较两组学生的近视改善差异。结果实验组与对照组干预前裸眼视力、屈光度与视觉疲劳差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.13,1.94,0.70,P值均>0.05);干预10周后,实验组裸眼视力、屈光度与视觉疲劳均好于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为11.28,15.03,-247.01,P值均<0.05);实验组学生在地图识别与实景识别场景中,注视时间、注视次数、注视频率、眼跳距离差异均有统计学意义(t值分别-13.62,-7.83,4.82,7.15,P值均<0.05),地图识别与实景识别过程中眼球呈交替注视特征。结论定向越野练习过程中,地图识别与实景识别调动了眼球的追随、扫视、注视、聚焦及交替视觉追踪,对小学生近视防控具有改善效果。

Objective To analyze the eye gaze pattern during the orienteering exercise and effects of orienteering exercises on myopia prevention and control in primary school students so as to provide reference for the effective prevention and control of myopia.Methods Visual acuity screening was conducted on fifth grade students aged 10-11 years old in Shaanxi Normal University Primary School and 120 primary school students with abnormal visual acuity were selected and randomly divided into experimental group n=60 and control group n=60.The experimental group practiced orienteering crosscountry program on the basis of the control group and compared the differences in myopia improvement between the two groups through the characteristics of eye changes tested by ETG spectacletype oculomotor.Results The differences between the experimental group and the control group in naked eye visual acuity refraction and visual fatigue before the intervention were not statistically significant t=0.131.940.70 P>0.05 after ten weeks of intervention the naked eye visual acuity refraction and visual fatigue of the experimental group were better than those of the control group and the differences were statistically significant t=11.2815.03-247.01 P<0.05.During the process of map recognition and scene recognition the differences in fixation time number frequency and saccade distance of the experimental group were statistically significant t=-13.62-7.834.827.15 P<0.05 the students in the experimental group showed alternate eye gaze characteristics in the process of map recognition and scene recognition.Conclusion During orienteering exercises map recognition and realscene recognition mobilized eye following sweeping gaze focus and alternate visual tracking which have an improved effect on myopia prevention and control in primary school students.