中国世居高原藏族儿童青少年身体活动与体质健康水平相关性

The correlation between physical activity and fitness of the Tibetan children and adolescents living on the plateau in China

目的了解中国世居高原(西藏)藏族儿童青少年身体活动(PA)、体质健康水平特征,为藏族儿童青少年健康全面发展提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2019年5—6月选取世居西藏高原7个市(区)8945名藏族儿童青少年为研究对象,通过问卷调查法和测量法展开横断面调查,采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析和Pearson相关分析探讨PA与体质健康水平特征。结果藏族儿童青少年的PA、体质健康水平在性别、学段、居住区域等方面的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。PA得分男生(2.79±0.58)高于女生(2.51±0.56),体质健康水平得分则是女生(62.40±25.55)高于男生(59.26±26.55);农村藏族儿童青少年PA得分(2.59±0.55)低于城镇,体质健康水平得分(61.53±26.53)仅低于县城;七至九年级藏族儿童青少年PA得分(2.60±0.58)最低,体质健康水平(57.62±24.33)则是五至六年级学生最低。藏族儿童青少年的PA和体质健康水平相关性无统计学意义(r=-0.01,P>0.05)。结论藏族儿童青少年的PA和体质健康水平欠佳。学校、家庭和社会等应多方面配合,积极采取措施,提升藏族儿童青少年的体质健康水平。

Objective To learn about the characteristics of physical activity PA and fitness and to provide basis for the health and development of the Tibetan students.Methods The cluster stratified random sampling was used and 8945 Tibetan students in Tibet were selected in May to June 2019 and were administrated with questionnaire.Independent samples t-test one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used.Results There were significant differences of PA and physical fitness by gender grade and living area among Tibetan adolescents P<0.05.The PA score of boys 2.79±0.58 was higher than that of girls 2.51±0.56 while the physical fitness level of girls 62.40±25.55 was higher than that of boys 59.26±26.55.The PA score 2.59±0.55 of rural Tibetan children and youth was lower than those of urban areas while the physical fitness level 61.53±26.53 was only lower than that of county area the PA score 2.60±0.58 of Tibetan children and youth was the lowest for grade 7 and 9 while physical fitness level 57.62±24.33 was the lowest for grade 5 and 6.PA was not significantly correlated with physical fitness of Tibetan adolescents r=-0.01 P>0.05.Conclusion Lack of physical activity and poor physical fitness are observed in Tibetan adolescents.It is suggested that schools families and society should cooperate in various aspects and actively take measures to improve the physical health level of Tibetan children and adolescents.