国家重大科技基础设施的功能性质与建设策略

Functional Characteristic and Construction Strategies of Major National Science and Technology Infrastructure

国家重大科技基础设施为战略技术突破提供长期稳固支持。作为同步推动技术突破和产业发展的大型设施平台,其是大科学时代的产物,具有体现国家战略需求、规模范围庞大、密切衔接产业、支撑科学中心建设的功能特性。国家重大科技基础设施可分为专用研究设施、公共实验平台、公益基础设施三类,分别为特定技术攻关、前沿交叉研究、国家建设发展提供针对性服务。世界传统科技强国在科技基础设施建设上积累了超前规划、长期推进、联盟合作、动态改革、政府引领等丰富经验,相应的,中国在各个历史时期依托举国体制建立起适应科技发展现实需要的科技基础设施体系,但也面临运行效率不高、整体合力较弱等问题。由此,需要从人才培养、统筹规划、布局结构、评价管理等维度出发,构建国家重大科技基础设施建设的优化策略体系。

The national major scientific and technological infrastructure provides long-term and stable assistance for strategic technological breakthroughs.The national major scientific and technological infrastructure,a large-scale facility platform simultaneously promoting technological breakthroughs and industrial development,is produced in the era of big science,which is provided with the functional characteristics of reflecting national strategic needs,large scale,closely connecting industries,and supporting the construction of science centers.National major scientific and technological infrastructure can be divided into the three categories of special research facilities,public experimental platforms,and public welfare infrastructure,which respectively provides targeted services for specific technology research,frontier cross-research,and national construction and development.The traditional world science and technology powers have accumulated luxuriant experience in advanced planning,long-term promotion,alliance and cooperation,dynamic reforms,and government leadership in the construction of science and technology infrastructures.Correspondingly,China has established science and technology infrastructure system that adapts to the realistic needs of science and technology development under the national system in various historical periods,however,problems such as low operating efficiency and weak overall synergy are also widespread.Therefore,it is necessary to build an strategy system of optimization from the perspectives of talent training,overall planning,layout structure,evaluation management,etc.