营商环境驱动专精特新企业创新的路径选择——基于FsQCA的定性比较分析

Business Environment for High-Quality Development:All-inclusive or Localized?The example of innovation in specialized and new enterprises

党的二十大将支持专精特新企业创新作为建设现代化产业体系的重要内容。营商环境是以地方政府为主的市场关键外部环境,其服务企业创新发展已成为领域研究热点。运用模糊集定性比较分析对我国32个地区2020年的截面数据分析发现,6种营商环境的资源能力都不能单独作为专精特新企业创新的必要条件,但创新环境作为核心条件发挥了较为普适的作用。营商环境的各能力要素会形成5种驱动创新的多样化组态,不同资源禀赋和实际情况地区的要素组态存在异质性。进一步的分析识别出“政府-环境联动型”“服务-环境补充型”“服务-环境协同型”3条创新驱动路径。组态的空间差异分析还发现,经济发展水平的不同会带来营商环境组态的明显差别,并影响创新驱动。

The 20th Party Congress of CPC has made supporting specialized and new enterprises as an important element to promote high-quality development.The business environment is a key external environment of the market mainly for local governments,and its service to enterprise innovation and development has become a hot spot for research in the field.Closely in line with the spirit of the 20th National Congress,the innovation of specialized and new enterprises as a representative of high-quality development,using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(FsQCA)to analyze the cross-sectional data of 32 regions in China in 2020,we find that none of the six resource capabilities of the business environment can be used as a necessary condition for the innovation of specialized and new enterprises alone,but the innovation environment plays a more universal role as a core condition.Each capability element of the business environment forms five diverse groups of innovation drivers,and there is heterogeneity in the grouping of elements in regions with different resource endowments and actual conditions.Further analysis identifies three innovation groups:“government-environment”,“service-environment”,and“service-environment”.The further analysis identified three innovation-driven paths:“government-environment linkage,”“service-environment complementary,”and“service-environment synergy”.The analysis of the spatial differences in the grouping also reveals that the different levels of economic development bring about significant differences in the grouping of the business environment and affect the innovation drive,and different regions should choose the combination of factors suitable for the innovation of specialized and new enterprises according to their local conditions.