我国智慧农业创新实践的现实挑战与应对策略

Realistic Challenges and Countermeasures of China’s Smart Agriculture Innovation Practice

智慧农业是现代农业创新发展的内生性过程和战略方向,也是实现农业农村现代化的重要驱动力。随着前沿数字技术与农业生产经营过程的深度融合,我国智慧农业创新实践正蓄势待发,进入快速发展的新阶段。尽管目前在信息基础设施建设、农业生产数字化转型、农村电商高质量发展以及智慧农业技术创新服务与人才培养等方面取得重要进展,但我国智慧农业创新实践依然面临整体发展基础不完善、创新实践同质化、体制机制不完善、以及农业数据利用低效和效益精英俘获等现实挑战和主要问题。我国应持续加强智慧农业创新实践的基础设施和关键核心技术创新、因地制宜创建区域智慧农业创新服务体系,构建多元创新主体协同合作的智慧农业创新体制机制、建立健全农业数据管理和治理体系、提升小农户共享智慧农业“红利”能力,以充分释放智慧农业创新的巨大潜能,让智慧农业真正成为农业农村现代化的新引擎。

Smart agriculture is the endogenous process and strategic direction of modern agricultural innovation and development,and it is also an important driving force for the realization of agricultural and rural modernization.With the in-depth integration of cutting-edge digital technology and agricultural production and operation processes,smart agricultural innovation practice in our country is gaining momentum and entering a new stage of rapid development.Although important progress has been made in the construction of information infrastructure,the digital transformation of agricultural production,the high-quality development of rural e-commerce,and smart agricultural technology innovation services and personnel training,smart agricultural innovation practice in our country still faces an imperfect overall development foundation and innovative practices.There are practical challenges and major problems such as homogenization,imperfect institutional mechanisms,inefficient use of agricultural data and the capture of beneficial elites.Thus we should continue to strengthen the infrastructure and key core technology innovation of smart agricultural innovation practice,create a regional smart agricultural innovation service system according to local conditions,build a smart agricultural innovation system and mechanism for the collaborative cooperation of multiple innovation entities,establish and improve agricultural data management and governance systems,improve the ability of small farmers to share the“bonus”of smart agriculture,and then release the huge potential of smart agriculture innovation,so that smart agriculture can truly become a new engine for agricultural and rural modernization.