基于多组学的肿瘤病因学研究:从基因组学、暴露组学、代谢组学到系统流行病学

Multi-omics approaches for revealing the etiology of cancer:from genomics,exposomics,metabolomics to system epidemiology

探索疾病病因是流行病学的主要任务之一。随着基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组、暴露组等组学技术的进步,肿瘤病因学研究进入系统流行病学研究阶段。基因组学研究致力于发掘肿瘤遗传易感位点及其致病机制。暴露组学研究探索环境因素对机体生物学过程的影响及其致病效应。而代谢组处于生物调控网络的下游,反映了基因-环境及其交互作用的总效应,有助于阐明遗传和环境因素的致病机制,发现新的生物标志物。本文介绍基因组学、暴露组学和代谢组学在肿瘤病因学研究中的应用与进展,总结多组学和系统流行病学在肿瘤病因学研究中的意义和价值,展望未来发展方向。

Identifying risk factors of the disease are one of the main tasks of epidemiology.With the advancement of omics technologies(e.g.,genome,transcriptome,proteome,metabolome,and exposome),cancer etiology research has entered the stage of systems epidemiology.Genomic research identifies cancer susceptibility loci and uncovers their biological mechanisms.Exposomic research investigates the impact of environmental factors on biological processes and disease risks.The metabolome is downstream of biological regulatory networks,reflecting the effects of the gene,environment,and their interactions,which can help elucidate the biological mechanisms of genetic and environmental risk factors and identify new biomarkers.Here,we reviewed the applications of genomic,exposomic,and metabolomic studies in the etiologic research on cancer.We summarized the importance of multi-omics approaches and systems epidemiology in cancer etiology research and outlined future perspectives.