杭州市中小学生肥胖相关因素研究

Study on the obesity-related factors among primary and middle school students in Hangzhou

目的分析杭州市中小学生肥胖相关因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法进行横断面研究,基于2016-2020年杭州市学校卫生专项调查数据,最终纳入资料完整的9213名中小学生作为研究对象,依据《WS/T 586-2018学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》标准判定学生是否肥胖,利用SPSS 25.0软件对肥胖相关因素进行统计学分析。结果杭州市中小学生肥胖检出率为8.52%。logistic回归分析结果显示,睡眠不充足(OR=6.507,95%CI:2.371~17.861,P<0.001)、过去一周每天看视屏时间3~h(OR=5.666,95%CI:2.164~14.835,P<0.001)和≥4 h(OR=7.530,95%CI:2.804~20.221,P<0.001)、过去一周有被家长打骂情况(OR=1.627,95%CI:1.161~2.280,P=0.005)、过去一周家长经常为了让学生有更多时间学习而减少运动时间(OR=3.310,95%CI:1.243~8.819,P=0.017)、年龄16~18岁(OR=0.137,95%CI:0.050~0.374,P<0.001)、过去一周经常遭受校园暴力(OR=0.332,95%CI:0.141~0.783,P=0.012)、过去一周每天看视屏时间1 h(OR=0.023,95%CI:0.006~0.083,P<0.001)、过去一周有时吃早餐(OR=0.151,95%CI:0.058~0.397,P<0.001)和天天吃早餐(OR=0.020,95%CI:0.005~0.065,P<0.001)、过去一周有时吃蔬果(OR=0.015,95%CI:0.010~0.023,P<0.001)和天天吃蔬果(OR=0.020,95%CI:0.008~0.053,P<0.001)、过去一周有时吃甜食(OR=0.089,95%CI:0.035~0.227,P<0.001)和天天吃甜食(OR=2.568,95%CI:1.632~4.041,P<0.001)、过去一周有时吃油炸食物(OR=0.274,95%CI:0.094~0.800,P=0.018)、每周上3节体育课(OR=0.156,95%CI:0.057~0.423,P<0.001)是中小学生肥胖相关因素。结论杭州市中小学生肥胖检出率较高,家长、老师应加强对中小学生健康教育,帮助儿童养成科学饮食行为,培养儿童积极健康生活习惯,有效地预防中小学生超重/肥胖的发生。

Objective To explore the obesity-related factors among primary and middle school students in Hangzhou.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling cross-sectional study was conducted using Hangzhou city's 2016-2020 annual school health survey data.Finally,9213 primary and secondary school students with complete data were selected as the research objects.The standard of Overweight and Obesity Screening for School-age Children and Adolescents(WS/T 586-2018)was used to verify students'obesity.SPSS 25.0 software was applied to conduct statistical analysis on the related factors of obesity.Results The overall obesity detection rate among primary and middle school students in Hangzhou was 8.52%.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that inadequate sleep(OR=6.507,95%CI:2.371-17.861,P<0.001),3-hours(OR=5.666,95%CI:2.164-14.835,P<0.001)and≥4 hours(OR=7.530,95%CI:2.804-20.221,P<0.001)of watching video every day in the past week,being beaten and scolded by parents in the past week(OR=1.627,95%CI:1.161-2.280,P=0.005),parents often reduce students'exercise time in order to let students have more time to study in the past week(OR=3.310,95%CI:1.243-8.819,P=0.017),age 16-18 years old(OR=0.137,95%CI:0.050-0.374,P<0.001),often suffering from campus violence in the past week(OR=0.332,95%CI:0.141-0.783,P=0.012),1 hour of watching video every day in the past week(OR=0.023,95%CI:0.006-0.083,P<0.001),sometimes having breakfast(OR=0.151,95%CI:0.058-0.397,P<0.001)and eating breakfast every day(OR=0.020,95%CI:0.005-0.065,P<0.001)in the past week,eating vegetables and fruits sometimes(OR=0.015,95%CI:0.010-0.023,P<0.001)and every day(OR=0.020,95%CI:0.008-0.053,P<0.001)in the past week,eating sweet food sometimes(OR=0.089,95%CI:0.035-0.227,P<0.001)and every day(OR=2.568,95%CI:1.632-4.041,P<0.001)in the past week,eating fried food sometimes(OR=0.274,95%CI:0.094-0.800,P=0.018)in the past week,and having three physical education classes every week(OR=0.156,95%CI:0.057-0.423,P<0.001)were the main related factors affecting the occurrence of obesity in primary and secondary school students.Conclusions With the higher obesity prevalence among primary and middle school students in Hangzhou,parents and teachers should strengthen health education for primary and middle school students,help children develop scientific eating behavior,develop positive and healthy living habits of children,and effectively prevent overweight/obesity in primary and middle school students.