基于明度的曼德拉山岩画断代及数量分析

Analysis of the dating and quantity of rock art in the Mandela Mountain based on lightness

根据岩画画面的不同内容,将曼德拉山地区岩画分为6种类型,突显其沙漠特点.运用明度模式测得曼德拉山64幅岩画的明度值,根据已知2004年和西夏岩画的年代和明度值,得到其他未知岩画的大致年代.结果发现,从三国、两晋、南北朝时期(220-280AD、281-419AD、420-580AD),历经隋(581-617AD)、唐(618-906AD)、西夏(1038-1227AD)、元(1279-1367AD)直到明清之际(1368-1643AD、1644-1911AD)一直有古人在此地作画.岩画年代频数大值集中在700AD前后,即盛唐时期,在1500AD前后频数最低,即明清之际,与中国历史上的暖期和冷期相对应,说明气候变化,尤其是温度波动为岩画数量的主要影响因素在气候温暖期,自然灾害较少,农业产量高,温饱问题有所保障,就会有闲暇时间去创作岩画;气候寒冷期,则与之相反,人们为了生存无暇顾及艺术创作.曼德拉山地区岩画年代与数量同历史时期气候有一定关联.

According to different rock art panels,we divided the rock art in the Mandela Mountain into six categories,revealing its desert characteristics.Sixty-four lightness values were measured by means of the lightness mode,according to the known data in 2004 and Western Xia rock art ages and lightness,the approximately ages of other unknown rock art ages were obtained.The results found that from the Three Kingdoms,Jin Dynasty,Southern and Northern Dynasties(220-280 AD,281-419 AD,420-580 AD),through Sui Dynasty(581-617 AD),Tang Dynasty(618-906 AD),Western Xia Dynasty(1038-1227 AD),Yuan Dynasty(1279-1367 AD)and until Ming and Qing Dynasties(1368-1643 AD,1644-1911 AD),ancient people always drew in this region.The maximum frequency occurred around 700 AD,i.e.a prosperous period in the Tang Dynasty,and the minimum frequency occurred around 1500 AD,i.e.in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This corresponded to the warm and cold periods in Chinese history,indicating that the influence of climate changes,especially that of temperature fluctuations,was a major possible factor affecting the quantity of rock art.In the climate of a warm period,with less natural disasters and a high agriculture production,i.e.when ancient people did not meet with more food and clothing problems,they would have free time to create rock art;on the contrary,in the climate of a cold period,in order to survive there would be no time for people care for artistic creation.The chronology and quantity of rock art should have some relationship with climate of historical periods in Mandela Mountain.