2019-2021年广西壮族自治区桂林市腹泻病原谱分析

Diarrhea pathogens spectrum in Guilin,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,2019-2021

目的了解广西壮族自治区桂林市腹泻病例的病原谱,为腹泻病防控提供依据。方法对2019年1月至2021年6月桂林市腹泻病监测定点医院的腹泻病例进行监测,并采集病例的粪便标本进行5种致泻病毒、17种致病菌的病原学检测,分析腹泻病例的病原谱特征。结果385份监测样本中,病原的总阳性检出率为37.40%,其中,细菌检出率为12.99%,病毒检出率为27.27%,混合感染检出率为9.61%,以病毒混合感染为主。各年龄组样本的阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P=0.510)。检出的病原体9种,不同季节的病原体检出率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄组的样本病原阳性检出率以0~2岁组最高(43.48%),其次为15~35岁组(41.46%)和36~60组(38.78%)。主要以轮状病毒、诺如病毒和单胞菌感染为主。结论桂林市区腹泻病原谱较为广泛,具有细菌性腹泻夏季高峰和病毒性腹泻春夏季高峰的特点,应在不同季节针对流行病原体采取防控措施。应考虑在临床诊疗时开展腹泻病原学检测,以便采取针对性措施防控腹泻传播与流行。

Objective To understand the pathogenic spectrum in diarrhea cases in Guilin Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and provide evidence and support for the prevention and control of diarrhea.Methods The stool samples were collected from diarrhea cases in designated hospitals in Guilin from January 2019 to June 2021 for the detection of 5 kinds of common viruses causing diarrhea and 17 kinds of common bacteria causing diarrhea.Then pathogen spectrum characteristics of diarrhea cases were analyzed.Results In 385 samples,9 kinds of pathogens were detected with an overall positive rate of 37.40%.The positive rate of bacterial pathogen was 12.99%,the positive rate of viral pathogen was 27.27%.The co-infection rate of two or more pathogens,mainly viruses,was 9.61%.There were no significant differences in pathogen detection rate among different age groups(P=0.510).The differences in pathogen detection rate were significant among different seasons.The pathogen positive rate in age group 0-2 years was highest(43.48%),followed by age groups 15-35 years(41.46%)and 36-60 years(38.78%).The infections were mainly caused by rotavirus,norovirus and halomonas.Conclusion Multiple diarrhea pathogens were detected in Guilin.The incidence peak of bacterial diarrhea was in summer and the incidence peak of viral diarrhea was during spring-summer.Therefore,it is necessary to take targeted prevention and control measures and carry out diarrheal pathogen detection in clinical diagnosis and treatment to prevent and control the spread of diarrhea.