热可逆自修复聚氨酯及其复合材料的研究进展

Research progress of thermal reversible self-healing polyurethane and composite materials

随着现代工业发展对材料性能的要求不断地提高,聚氨酯也正朝着智能化、功能化等方向发展,其中赋予聚氨酯材料自修复功能是推进其智能化方向的一个重要课题之一。目前自修复聚氨酯材料研究已取得一系列卓有成效的研究成果,其中在聚氨酯材料分子链主链引入热可逆Diels-Alder(DA)共价键以及在传统聚氨酯材料中引入纳米碳材料(如碳纳米管、石墨烯)成为研究热点。然而,目前热可逆DA反应的自修复聚氨酯还存在力学性能稍差、修复效率不高且修复效率随修复次数的增加迅速下降等问题,以及纳米碳材料需经改性才能引入等复杂工艺过程。从光可逆共价键修复体系和热可逆共价键修复体系两个方面简述本征型自修复体系,再从热可逆DA自修复聚氨酯体系和热可逆DA自修复聚氨酯复合材料体系两个方面综述国内外研究进展。

With the continuous improvement of the requirements for material performance in the development of modern industry,polyurethane is also developing in the direction of intelligence and functionalization,among which giving the self-healing function of polyurethane materials is one of the important topics to promote its intelligence.At present,a series of fruitful research achievements have been made in the research of self-healing polyurethane materials,among them,the introduction of thermal reversible Diels-Alder(DA)covalent bonds in the molecular chain backbone of polyurethane materials and the introduction of carbon nanostructures in traditional polyurethane materials(e.g.,carbon nanotubes,graphene)has become a research hotspot.However,currently,the self-healing polyurethane with thermally reversible DA reaction still has some problems,such as slightly poor mechanical properties,low repair efficiency and rapid decline of repair efficiency with the increase of repair times,as well as the complex process that carbon nanostructures need to be modified before they can be introduced.In this paper,the intrinsic self-healing system was briefly described from both photoreversible covalent bond self-healing systems and thermal reversible covalent bond self-healing systems,and then the research progress at home and abroad from two aspects of thermal reversible DA self-healing polyurethane system and thermal reversible DA self-healing polyurethane composite system was reviewed.