肉牛粗饲料玉米秸秆高效利用的研究进展

Research progress on efficient utilization of beef cattle roughage corn straw

近年来,随着肉牛粗饲料高效利用方式不断深入研究,如何高效利用粗饲料中的营养成分、提高肉牛的生产性能成为肉牛养殖业的重点。我国每年产生大量玉米秸秆,但由于玉米秸秆的粗纤维含量较高、蛋白质含量较低,木质素含量较高,导致其无法得到有效利用。目前,玉米秸秆利用处理方式主要是干制、青贮、益生菌发酵等,不同加工方式导致玉米秸秆的营养价值和饲用价值具有一定的差异。国内玉米秸秆利用的相关研究中多采用青贮、益生菌发酵等加工方式降低玉米秸秆粗纤维含量,从而使肉牛能够利用玉米秸秆中的营养物质。文章综述了常规玉米秸秆、全株青贮玉米秸秆、黄贮玉米秸秆、膨化和菌酶协同发酵玉米秸秆的饲喂效果,展望了玉米秸秆饲料的发展前景,以期为玉米秸秆在肉牛养殖中的高效利用提供参考。

In recent years,with the deepening of research on efficient utilization of roughage for beef cattle,how to efficiently utilize the nutrient components of roughage and improve the production performance of beef cattle has become the focus of beef cattle breeding industry.China produces a large number of corn straw every year,but the corn straw can not be effectively used because of the high crude fiber content,low protein content and high lignin content.At present,the main utilization methods of corn straw are drying,silage,probiotic fermentation,etc.Different processing methods lead to certain differences in the nutritional value and feeding value of corn straw.In domestic researches on corn straw utilization,silage,probiotic fermentation and other processing methods are used to reduce the crude fiber content of corn straw,so that beef cattle can use the nutrients in corn straw.In the paper,the feeding effects of conventional corn straw,whole silage corn straw,yellow silage corn straw,extruded corn straw and fungus cooperative fermentation were reviewed,and the development prospect of corn straw feed was prospected,in order to provide reference for the efficient utilization of corn straw in beef cattle breeding.