迈克尔·夏邦小说中的犹太乌托邦建构及其当代诠释

The Construction and Contemporary Interpretation of Jewish Utopia in Michael Chabon's Fiction

无论依赖“肉身救赎”,生命从短暂跨入永恒,还是依赖“终极救赎”,实现自然万物天国永生的最高期盼,存续千年的犹太传统信仰——犹太人终将在弥赛亚到来之际得到救赎——很难撼动。这种充斥着神性的传统信仰是新世纪犹太作家迈克尔·夏邦建构犹太乌托邦的源泉。通过分析其笔下犹太乌托邦的学脉渊承、文化表征、当代建构及其背后的历史宿命,可以发现:一则,他既在流散的犹太历史中寻求开放包容的文化体验,又在当代镜头的推拉中突破性地诠释规训犹太民族的“三条誓约”;二则,他重申了当代犹太人对犹太神秘主义既虔诚又迷狂的心态以及对弥赛亚既期待又恐惧的立场。

Whether relying on“physical salvation”to transform life from temporality to eternity or relying on“ultimate salvation”to realize the highest hope of eternal life in heaven for all creatures in nature,the traditional Jewish belief for thousands of years--Jews will eventually be saved when Messiah comes--is hard to be shaken.This traditional faith in Jewish theology is the source of inspiration for the Jewish utopia constructed by the Jewish writer Michael Chabon in the new millennium.By analyzing the academic origin,cultural representation,contemporary construction,and historical destiny of his Jewish utopia,we can see that he is attempting to accomplish two things:first,he not only seeks an open and inclusive cultural experience in the history of Jewish diaspora,but also breaks fresh ground in interpreting the“three covenants”that have disciplined the Jewish people by making his tracking shot with a contemporary camera lens;second,he reiterates contemporary jews'dedication and fanaticism toward Jewish mysticism as well as their expectation and fear toward Messiah.