2021年广西中小学生营养状况分析

Analysis of nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Guangxi in 2021

目的 了解2021年广西学生营养状况,为学生营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法 分别从全区14个市中随机抽取1个城区和1个县,另外在南宁、梧州和柳州市各增加1个城区,总共抽取17个城区和14个县为调查区县。采用分层整群随机抽样法从各城区中随机抽取2所小学、2所初中、2所高中和1所职高共7所学校,从各县中随机抽取2所小学、2所初中和1所高中共5所学校,在抽中的学校中以年级整班为单位开展调查,每个年级至少调查80名学生。采用问卷调查收集性别、年龄、民族、地区和学段等信息,同时进行体格测量(身高、体重)并计算体质量指数,评价学生营养状况和进行描述性统计分析。结果 在调查69 361名中小学生中,生长迟缓率为1.42%,消瘦率为10.53%,营养不良率为11.96%,超重率为10.96%,肥胖率为8.68%。随着年龄增长,学生的生长迟缓率呈上升趋势,而消瘦率、营养不良率和肥胖率呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。男生营养不良率、超重率、肥胖率分别为13.45%、12.76%和10.99%,均分别高于女生的10.37%、9.05%和6.21%。在不同学段中,职高学生营养不良率(17.95%)最高,小学生超重、肥胖率(11.23%、10.71%)最高。县区学生营养不良率(13.39%)高于城区学生,而城区学生超重、肥胖率(12.34%、9.76%)高于县区学生(8.99%、7.13%)。在不同民族学生中,汉族学生营养不良率(12.49%)最高,其他民族学生超重、肥胖率(12.33%、10.54%)最高。结论 广西中小学生营养不良率和超重、肥胖率均处于较高的水平,学生营养状况存在性别、学段、城乡、民族差异,需采取针对性措施改善学生营养状况。

Objective To understand the nutritional status of students in Guangxi in 2021,and to provide scientific basis for the improvement of students'nutrition in Guangxi.Methods One district and one county were randomly selected from each city of the 14 cities in Guangxi,and one additional district from Nanning,Wuzhou,and Liuzhou was selected,respectively.A total of 17 districts and 14 counties were selected as the survey districts and counties.Seven schools in total,including 2 elementary schools,2 middle schools,2 high schools,and 1 vocational high school were selected from each city district;a total of 5 schools,including 2 elementary schools,2 middle schools,and 1 high school were randomly selected from counties by stratified cluster random sampling method.In the selected schools,the whole class was used as a unit to investigate each grade,and at least 80 students were investigated in each grade.Questionnaires were used to collect information including gender,age,ethnicity,region,and school level.Meanwhile,physical measurement(height and weight)was conducted,and body mass index was calculated.The nutritional status of students was evaluated,and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted.Results Among the 69361 primary and middle school students surveyed,the growth retardation rate was 1.42%,the under weight rate was 10.53%,the malnutrition rate was 11.96%,the overweight rate was 10.96%,and the obesity rate was 8.68%.With the increase of age,the growth retardation rate of students showed an increasing trend,and the under weight rate,malnutrition rate and obesity rate showed decreasing trends,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The malnutrition rate,overweight rate,and obesity rate of boys were 13.45%,12.76%,and 10.99%,respectively,which were higher than girls,with rates of 10.37%,9.05%and 6.21%.Among dfferent school levels,the malnutrition rate of vocational school students was the highest(17.95%).Primary school students had the highest overweight and obesity rates(11.23%,10.71%).The malnutrition rate of students in counties(13.39%)was higher than students in city districts,and the overweight and obesity rates among students in city districts(12.34%,9.76%)were higher than students in counties(8.99%,7.13%).Among students of different ethnic groups,the malnutrition rate of Han students(12.49%)was the highest,and the overweight and obesity rates of students from other ethnic groups were the highest(12.33%,10.54%).Conclusions The malnutrition rate,overweight and obesity rates among primary and middle school students in Guangxi are at a high level.There are differences in the nutritional status of students in terms of gender,school levels,urban and rural areas,and ethnic groups.Targeted measures should be taken to improve the students'nutrition status.