3种农药对家蚕的毒性和安全性评价

Toxicity and safety evaluation of three pesticides on Bombyx mori L.

[目的]分析氟吡呋喃酮、唑虫酰胺和氟啶虫酰胺对非靶标生物家蚕的影响。[方法]测定3种农药对家蚕的急性毒性,并根据农药的田间推荐质量浓度设计残毒期试验,检测其在桑树上对家蚕的残毒期,进一步测定了亚致死剂量的唑虫酰胺对家蚕经济性状的影响。[结果]17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂和10%氟啶虫酰胺水分散粒剂对3龄起蚕24 h的LC50分别为29.73、42.66 mg a.i./L;唑虫酰胺原药对3龄起蚕48 h的LC50为47.86 mg a.i./L。68 mg a.i./L氟吡呋喃酮、40 mg a.i./L氟啶虫酰胺以及60 mg a.i./L唑虫酰胺在桑叶上的残毒期分别为18、3、9 d。按照48 h LC50的1/10(4.786 mg a.i./L)、1/100(0.4786 mg a.i./L)给家蚕3龄幼虫添食唑虫酰胺,发现质量浓度为4.786 mg a.i./L时3龄眠蚕体质量、茧层率、化茧率和化蛹率都显著下降,当质量浓度为0.4786 mg a.i./L时,家蚕的生长发育与对照组相比无显著差异。[结论]3种农药对家蚕的安全等级均为中毒,10%氟啶虫酰胺水分散粒剂和唑虫酰胺在桑叶上的残毒期较短,可作为防治桑园害虫的候选药剂。

[Aims] This study aims to confirm the influence of flupyradifurone,tolfenpyrad and flonicamid on non-target organism silkworm(Bombyx mori L.).[Methods] The acute toxicity of the three pesticides to silkworm was determined,and the residual toxicity experiment was designed according to their recommended field concentration.On this basis,the effects of sublethal dose of tolfenpyrad on the economic properties of the silkworm were further determined.[Results] The 24 h LC_(50)of flupyradifurone 17% SL and flonicamid 10% WG to the 3rd instar larvae of silkworm were29.73 and 42.66 mg a.i./L,respectively;the 48 h LC_(50)of tolfenpyrad to the 3rd instar larvae of silkworm was 47.86 mg a.i./L.The residual toxic periods of flupyradifurone(68 mg a.i./L),flonicamid(40 mg a.i./L)and tolfenpyrad(60 mg a.i./L)on mulberry leaves were 18,3 and 9 d,respectively.The 3rd instar larvae of silkworm were fed with tolfenpyrad at 1/10(4.786 mg a.i./L)and 1/100(0.4786 mg a.i./L)of 48 h LC_(50).It was found that the weight of 3rd instars molting larvae,cocoon layer ratio,cocooning rate and pupation rate decreased significantly when the concentration was 4.786 mg a.i./L.When the concentration was 0.4786 mg a.i./L,there was no significant difference in the growth and development of the silkworm compared with the control group.[Conclusions] The three pesticides were moderate toxicity to silkworm,with a short residual period on mulberry leaves,flonicamid 10% WG and tolfenpyrad could be used as candidate agents to control pests in mulberry field.