吉林省镍矿区附近设施蔬菜安全生产与风险评价

Safety Production and Risk Assessment of Facility Vegetables in Soil Near Nickel Mine Area in Jilin Province

为了评估镍矿区附近土壤对设施蔬菜的安全生产及对人体健康风险的影响,在对吉林省磐石镍矿采矿场以及冶炼厂附近设施蔬菜基地土壤-蔬菜协同采样分析的基础上,通过对样品镍含量进行测定,并运用单因子污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和靶标危害指数法进行综合评价,探讨了蔬菜对镍的富集特征和土壤理化性质对蔬菜富集能力的影响。结果表明:叶菜类蔬菜镍平均含量高于茄果类蔬菜,食用辣椒对人体健康具有潜在的风险,且对儿童造成的健康风险更大;蔬菜对镍的富集能力大小顺序为菠菜>辣椒>豆角>韭菜>大白菜>生菜>茼蒿>芹菜>小白菜>油麦菜>西红柿>萝卜>茄子>油菜>黄瓜;叶菜类蔬菜富集系数与土壤有机质含量呈极显著负相关,茄果类蔬菜富集系数与土壤pH呈显著负相关。吉林省磐石镍矿区附近设施蔬菜生产基地土壤整体污染较轻,可种植大部分蔬菜,并根据所种植蔬菜的类型采取措施提高土壤pH或有机质含量来保障蔬菜安全生产。

In order to assess the impact of soils in the vicinity of nickel mines on the safe production of facility vegetables and its risks to human health,based on the soil-vegetable collaborative sampling analysis of the vegetable base near the mining site and the facility near the smelter of Panshi nickel mine in Jilin province,this paper discussed the safe production and human health risk of the facility vegetables near the mining area through the determination of nickel content in the sample,and the single factor pollution index method,potential ecological hazard index method and target ha-zard index method were used for comprehensive evaluation.The enrichment characteristics of nickel in vegetables and the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the enrichment ability of ve-getables were discussed.The results showed that the pollution level of soil in the facility vegetable production base near the mining area was mainly moderate and mild,and the ecological hazard level was slight.The average nickel content of leafy vegetables was higher than that of eggplant and fruit vegetables.Eating peppers posed a potential health risk,and the health risks to children were greater.The order of nickel enrichment ability of vegetables was spinach>pepper>beans>leek>Chinese cabbage>lettuce>Glebionis coronaria>celery>baby bok choy>Indian lettuce>tomato>radish>eggplant>rape>cucumber.There was a significant negative correlation between the enrichment coefficient of leafy vegetables and soil organic matter content.However,there was a significant negative correlation between the enrichment coefficient of eggplant and fruit vegetables and the pH value of soil.The above results show that the soil pollution of the facility vegetable production base near Panshi nickel mining area in Jilin province is relatively light as a whole and most vegetables can be planted.Measures can be taken to improve soil pH or organic matter content according to the type of vegetables planted so as to ensure the safe production of vegetables.