微循环的神经支配研究进展

Research Progress on the Innervation of Microcirculation

循环系统与神经系统各司其职又互有联系。循环系统为机体各组织细胞传送营养,神经系统则负责支配全身组织活动。微循环作为循环系统的终末部分,是血液循环的最小功能单位,其神经调节具有其独特的方式。神经与毛细血管在全身脏器中无处不在,且在空间分布上紧密关联。在中枢及视网膜的微循环中,血管和神经组织及周围细胞形成特定的神经血管单元,对维持血-脑屏障和血-视网膜屏障稳态及正常功能至关重要;在外周,各器官及组织的血管与神经也经常相伴而行,互相协同依赖。本文就不同器官中神经和毛细血管的分布特点、神经对毛细血管血流调节的贡献以及周细胞在其中的具体作用进行综述。

The circulatory system and the nervous circulatory system performs their own functions and are connected.The circulatory system carries nutrients to the body's cells,and the nervous system controls the body's tissues.As the end part of the circulatory system,microcirculation is the smallest functional unit of blood circulation,and its neural regulation has its unique way.Nerves and capillaries are ubiquitous in the whole body and are closely distributed in space.In the microcirculation of central nervous system(CNS)and retinal,the neurovascular unit(NVU),which is made up of vessels,nerve tissues and surrounding cells,is essential for maintaining the homeostasis and normal function of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and blood-retina barrier(BRB).In the periphery,the vessels and nerves of organs and tissues often go hand in hand and depend on one another.This article reviews the distribution characteristics of nerves and capillaries in different organs,the contribution of nerves to capillary blood flow regulation,and the role of pericytes.