“黄茅瘴”含义源流考——以方志文献为中心的考察

Examinations on the Origins of the Meaning of"Yellow Couchgrass Plague"-A Survey Ccntered Around Local Records Literature

“黄茅瘴”是古代最常见的瘴名之一。它以发生地常见的植物为名,主要出现于两广、江西南部和福建西部。该概念出现在西晋。在明清方志中,“黄茅瘴”呈现出时节和病理上的地域性差别。两广的“黄茅瘴”多发生于农历七月至九月间,所致之病“热瘴”(恶性疟)和“冷瘴”(间日疟或三日疟)皆有。福建西部的“黄茅瘴”多发生于农历九月,所致之病以“冷瘴”为主。江西南部的“黄茅瘴”多发生于农历五月至六月,所致之病以“热瘴”为主。地域开发的推进和医药条件的改善则是其发生的限制性因素。

“Yellow couchgrass plague”was one of the most commonly seen plague names in ancient times.It took its name from a commonly seen plant in places where it happened,mostly in Guangdong and Guangxi,the southern part of Jiangxi,and the western part of Fujian.The concept first appeared in West Jin Dynasty.Before Ming and Qing Dynasty,it was thought to be a plague that happened mostly in autumn.In Ming and Qing Dynasty local records,“yellow couchgrass plague”presented regional differences in terms of season and pathology.In Guangdong and Guangxi,“yellow couchgrass plague”mostly occurred between July and September of the Chinese traditional calendar,causing both the disease of“hot plague”(malignant malaria)and“cold plague”(malaria every two days or three days).In the western part of Fujian,“yellow couchgrass plague”mostly occurred in September of the Chinese traditional lunar calendar,causing mostly the disease of“cold plague”.In the southern part of Jiangxi,“yellow couchgrass plague”mostly occurred between May and June of the lunar calendar,causing mostly the disease of“hot plague”.The regional development and improvement of medical conditions are the restricting factors against its occurrence.