2013—2021年青岛市市北区水痘流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Shibei District of Qingdao From 2013 to 2021

目的:分析青岛市市北区水痘流行特征,为水痘防控和制定免疫策略提供科学依据。方法:通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2013—2021年青岛市市北区水痘报告病例数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对病例进行“三间”分布和发病率分析。结果:2013—2021年市北区共报告水痘病例6711例,年均发病率为68.87/10万。2013—2021年水痘发病率由94.60/10万下降至42.66/10万,不同年份间水痘发病率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1123647.38,P<0.01)。水痘发病呈现明显季节性,每年3—5月和11月—次年1月为水痘高发期。男性3489例,女性3222例,男女性别比例为1∶0.92。发病人数排前3位的年龄组分别为15~19岁、5~9岁、10~14岁,3个年龄组发病人数占总病例数的47.77%,水痘发病年龄出现后移现象。职业分布以学生为主,发病人数占总病例数的44.23%。结论:2013—2021年市北区水痘发病率明显下降,发病年龄后移,以学生为主。水痘防控应重点关注中小学生,加强综合防控措施,加强水痘疫苗接种的宣传和入学查验,提高水痘疫苗接种率。

OBJECTIVE To provide scientific basis for prevention,control and immunization strategies for varicella by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Shibei district of Qingdao from 2013 to 2021.METHODS Data were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System for varicella cases in Shibei district of Qingdao from 2013 to 2021,and were analyzed distribution and incidence by using descriptive epidemiological method.RESULTS A total of 6711 varicella cases were reported from 2013 to 2021 in Shibei district,with an average annual incidence rate was 68.87/100000.The incidence of varicella dropped from 94.60/100000 to 42.66/100000 from 2013 to 2021,and there were statistically significant difference in the annual incidence between different years(χ^(2)=1123647.38,P<0.01).The incidence of chickenpox was obviously seasonal,and the high incidence of chickenpox was from March to May and November to January of the next year.There were 3489 males and 3222 females,with a sex ratio of 1:0.92.The top three age groups were 15 to 19 years old,5 to 9 years old,and 10 to 14 years old.The number of cases in the three age groups accounted for 47.77%of the total cases,and the age of chickenpox was backward.The occupational distribution was dominated by students,and the number of cases accounted for 44.23%of the total number of cases.CONCLUSION From 2013 to 2021,the incidence of chickenpox in Shibei district decreased significantly,and the onset age moved later,mainly among students.Chickpox prevention and control should focus on primary and middle school students,strengthen comprehensive prevention and control measures,strengthen the publicity and entrance inspection of varicella vaccination,and improve the rate of varicella vaccination.