2019—2021年深圳市某学校水痘流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella Breakthrough Cases and Analysis of Varicella Prevention and Control Strategies in Certain School in Shenzhen from 2019 to 2021

目的:通过对学校学生连续3年水痘发病情况的分析,总结校园水痘突破病例的流行病学特征,为有效控制校园内水痘疫情的传播提供参考。方法:收集2019—2021年深圳市某九年制学校全部学生的水痘患病情况及相关流行病学资料,并对其进行分析。结果:2019—2021年该校共报告水痘病例41例,年平均发病率为14.0‰。其中,2019年发病率最低,为5.1‰;2021年发病率最高,为20.4‰。其中,水痘突破病例20例,占水痘总病例人数的48.8%,且发病人数随水痘发病率的升高而逐年增加。20例水痘突破病例的疫苗保护时间平均为(6.48±4.16)年,其中,首次接种水痘疫苗月龄为12~24个月的病例,其疫苗保护时间均>5年,最长时间间隔为11.4年;接种年龄在4岁以后的病例,其疫苗保护时间均<4年。结论:2019—2021年该校学生水痘发病率逐年上升,突破性病例占比接近50%。建议婴幼儿在满周岁后尽早完成水痘疫苗接种,升入小学前补种第二针水痘疫苗,可降低校园水痘发病率。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence of varicella in a certain school for three consecutive years,summarize the epidemiological characteristics of varicella breakthrough cases on campus,and provide reference for effectively controlling the spread of varicella on campus,so as to improve the prevention and control ability of varicella epidemic on campus.METHODS The incidence of varicella in a certain school students from 2019 to 2021 was collected,and the relevant epidemiological information was analyzed.RESULTS A total of 41 cases of varicella were reported in 3 years,with an average annual incidence of 14.0‰.Among them,the incidence was the lowest at 5.1‰in 2019 and the highest in 2021 at 20.4‰.Among them,there were 20 varicella breakthrough cases,accounting for 48.8%of the total number of varicella cases,and the number of cases increased year by year with the increase of the incidence of chickenpox.The average vaccine protection time of 20 varicella breakthrough cases was(6.48±4.16)years,among which the first age of varicella vaccination was 12 to 24 months,the vaccine protection time was>5 years,and the longest time interval was 11.4 years;the vaccine protection time was<4 years.CONCLUSION The incidence of varicella on campus is increasing year by year,and the proportion of breakthrough cases is close to 50%.It is suggested that the initial immunization age of infants should be completed as soon as possible after their first birthday,and the second dose of vaccine before entering primary school can reduce the incidence of varicella on campus.