建筑形态与精神符号:三线建设初期“干打垒”研究(1964—1966)

The Architectural Form and Spiritual Symbol:A Study of Gandalei Houses in Early Third Fror 19641966

中共中央在决策三线建设时确立了“先生产、后生活”的基本原则,要求在非生产性的建设方面学习大庆精神,因陋就简,兴建“干打垒”,降低成本,将更多资金和材料投入生产领域。攀枝花工业基地是较早修筑“干打垒”的三线地区,而四川广安华光仪器厂因在“干打垒”试验中取得成功并形成经验,被上级机关树立为典型,加以推广。初到三线地区时,建设者们对推广“干打垒”并不积极。在经历一系列政治动员和思想工作后,他们逐渐接受并参与修建“干打垒”。“干打垒”因其自身优点有效缓解了基建压力,各地因地制宜的实践则促进了“干打垒”建筑形式的多样化。推广“干打垒”的过程也是践行“干打垒”精神的过程,“干打垒”不仅是一种建筑形态,它同延安窑洞一样,演变成特定时代具有多重意义的精神符号。

The present paper,reconstructing in detail the history in which a Guang'an-based factory set an example of building Gandalei(the simple adobe house)in the early construction of Third Front,contends that building Gandalei was not only an endeavor relieving the pressure of capital construction but also a spiritual symbol having multiple meanings as Yan'an dwelling caves had done.