云南省花叶用工业大麻种植的经济效益与碳足迹分析

Economic Benefits and Carbon Footprint Analysis of Industrial Hemp Cultivation for Flowers and Leaves in Yunnan

云南是我国花叶用工业大麻最主要的种植省份,为探寻云南省花叶用工业大麻种植的经济效益和生态效益,文章基于对云南省具有代表性的工业大麻种植公司及种植户的调研数据,利用生命周期评价的理论和方法,以整地作为起始边界,以花叶出售作为终点边界,从经济效益和碳足迹两方面对花叶用工业大麻种植过程进行分析。结果表明:在不考虑地租的情况下,育苗移栽模式种植的花叶用工业大麻成本为10371.3元/hm^(2),其中人工和农机是种植成本中的最大支出,分别占59.3%和15.5%,交售花叶的收入为24375.0~43875.0元/hm^(2),净利润为14003.7~33503.7元/hm^(2);从整地到花叶出售的整个种植周期内产生的碳排放量为1485.3 kgCO_(2)eq/hm^(2),其中,肥料是碳排放的主要贡献者,占66.1%;碳汇值为2514.0~4536.8 kgCO_(2)eq/hm^(2),净碳排放为-1028.7~-3051.4 kgCO_(2)eq/hm^(2),碳生态效率为1.7~3.1。综合看来,在云南省进行花叶用工业大麻种植不仅可以促进农民增收,还能增加碳汇,改善农业生态环境,促进农业的可持续发展。

Yunnan is the dominant planting region of industrial hemp for flowers and leaves in China.To clarify the economic and ecological benefits of industrial hemp cultivation for flowers and leaves in Yunnan Province,we investigated its cultivation processes by using life cycle assessment,based on data collected from a representative company and its contracted farmers.The boundary of analysis started from soil preparation and ended at the sale of flowers and leaves.The results showed that:without considering the land rent,the cultivation cost of industrial hemp planting for flowers and leaves by seedling transplantation was 10371.3 yuan/hm^(2),in which the cost of labor and agricultural machinery was the largest,accounting for 59.3%and 15.5%,respectively;the value of flowers and leaves was 24375.0—43875.0 yuan/hm^(2),therefore the net profit was 14003.7—33503.7 yuan/hm^(2);The carbon emissions generated from soil preparation to the sale of flowers and leaves were 1485.3 kgCO_(2)eq/hm^(2),of which fertilizers were the main contributors,accounting for 66.1%of the total carbon emissions;the carbon sink per unit area was 2514.0—4536.8 kgCO_(2)eq/hm^(2),the net carbon emission was-1028.7—-3051.4 kgCO_(2)eq/hm^(2),and the carbon eco-efficiency was 1.7—3.1.In summary,the cultivation of industrial hemp for flowers and leaves in Yunnan Province can not only increases farmers′income,but also increases carbon sinks,improves the agricultural ecological environment,and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture.