羊口疮病毒与宿主的博弈:免疫应答与病毒免疫逃逸机制

The Battle between Orf Virus and Host:Immune Response and Viral Immune Evasion Mechanisms

羊口疮(orf)是由羊口疮病毒(orf virus,ORFV)感染引起的一种高度接触性、嗜上皮性人兽共患传染病,不但阻碍畜牧业发展,而且危害人类健康。ORFV感染诱导宿主强烈的免疫反应和炎症反应,但宿主仍可被ORFV反复感染,主要是因为ORFV在与宿主的长期相互作用过程中,发展和进化出多种免疫逃逸机制。ORFV主要通过抑制干扰素反应、抑制NF-κB信号通路、抑制炎症反应、调控细胞凋亡、细胞周期、自噬和血管增生等方式实现免疫逃逸。ORFV免疫逃逸主要是通过其编码的多个免疫调控蛋白来实现。本文主要对ORFV感染引起的宿主免疫应答、ORFV免疫逃逸机制的最新研究进展进行综述,旨在为orf疫苗研制及综合防控提供重要参考。

Contagious ecthyma,commonly known as orf,is a highly contagious and epitheliotropic zoonotic infectious disease caused by orf virus(ORFV),blocking the development of animal husbandry and threatening human health.Although ORFV infection can induce strong immune and inflammatory response,the host can be repeatedly infected.This is mainly because ORFV has developed and evolved multiple immune evasion mechanisms during the long-term interaction with the host.ORFV achieves immune evasion mainly by inhibiting interferon response,inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway,inhibiting inflammatory response,regulating apoptosis,cell cycle,autophagy and vascular proliferation.The immune evasion of ORFV is mainly due to the multiple immunomodulatory proteins encoded by the virus.In this article,the latest research progress on host immune response against ORFV infection and the immune evasion mechanisms of ORFV are summarized,which provides ideas for orf vaccine development and comprehensive prevention and control of the disease.