成熟期降水对碣石山产区‘马瑟兰’果实品质的影响

Effect of Precipitation during Mature Period on Fruit Quality of'Marselan'in Jieshishan Area

以碣石山产区‘马瑟兰’葡萄为试材,分别跟踪测定了15年葡萄成熟期降水量及2021年(降雨较多年份)葡萄成熟过程中的5个糖酸指标和9个多酚指标。结果表明:2021年果实成熟期降水过程对所有监测指标均有不同程度的影响,且指标具有延时响应的特点;强降雨显著降低还原糖含量和pH,延缓花色苷积累,增加籽单宁含量,降低果皮多酚含量,延缓可溶性固形物积累与糖酸比的升高,酸降较为稳定。经主成分分析得出,碣石山产区多雨年份‘马瑟兰’葡萄成熟度控制的一二三级指标分别为皮花色苷、籽黄酮和籽单宁,其含量依次达到9.3、38.88、7.85 mg·g^(-1)时果实品质最佳,确定当年的采收期为9月28日,比正常年份提前10~15 d。

The vintage 2021 was selected with more rainfall,and'Marselan'in Jieshishan area was used as test material.The precipitation in mature period was traced,and five sugar and acid indicators and nine polyphenol indicators were measured.The results showed that the precipitation process of fruit maturity stage in 2021 had different degrees influence on all monitoring indicators,and the indicators had the characteristics of delayed response.Heavy precipitation significantly reduced the reducing sugar content and pH,delayed anthocyanin accumulation,increased seed tannin content,decreased skin polyphenol content,delayed the increase of soluble solid and sugar-acid ratio,and the acid content decline was stable.According to the principal component analysis,anthocyanin in pericarp,and flavonoid and tannins in seed could be used for the primary,secondary and tertiary indicators for grape maturity control of'Marselan'grape in rainy vintage in Jieshishan area respectively,and their contents should be 9.3,38.88,7.85 mg·g^(-1) in turn for the best fruit quality.The harvesting date of the vintage was determined to be September 28,10-15 days earlier than normal years.