大国海外港口支点战略及模式选择

Overseas Port Pivot Strategies:Major Powers and Their Model Choices

回顾主要大国的崛起历程可见,大国普遍认识到海外港口支点战略的重要性,以海外港口为支点推进国家对外战略。大国海外港口支点战略目标,主要是海上通道和资源能源安全保障、国际产业布局、海外市场开拓和地缘影响拓展。在战略推进中,港航产业链上的民间主体与国家协同配合作用突出。从模式看,大国海外港口支点经营的主流模式已从殖民式、霸权式转为项目合作式,该模式往往以对外经济影响力带动综合地缘影响力的提升。作为崛起中的大国,中国倡导建设“21世纪海上丝绸之路”具有合理性和必然性。下一个十年,“海丝”港口合作应进一步升级顶层设计、细化战略目标、激发民间潜能。

Through reviewing the rise of the major powers,it can be seen that the major powers generally have recognized the importance of the overseas port pivot strategy,and consider overseas ports as the pivot for promoting the national strategy to the outside world.The strategic goals of the major powers for overseas ports are mainly the search for sea transportation channels,resources and energy security,the development of international industrial chains,overseas market development and geopolitical influence.In strategic promotion,private sectors in the port-transport-industry chains play an important role in coordinating with gov-ernment agencies.In terms of mode,the main mode of overseas port operations of by major powers appears to have shifted from colonial and hegemonic to project-based overseas port project cooperation,and the mode of project-based cooperation often leads to the reinforcement of comprehensive geopolitical projection with foreign economic impact.As a rising power,China advocates the construction of the Maritime Silk Road with a certain rationality and inevitability.In the coming decade,the“maritime silk”port cooperation should be reshaped at the top-level redesign,the strategic goals should be refined,and the potential of the private sectors sector should be promoted.