权威与法律的性质

Authority and the Nature of Law

约瑟夫·拉兹在法律性质上的核心看法是,法律必然主张自己是正当权威。但是,由于要在概念上区分权威与纯粹的暴力,所以权威必然是规范权力,而不是物理力量。但是,法律作为事实权威,如果它是规范权力,那么正当权威在概念上就不成立;反之,则事实权威无法区别于暴力。另外,权威所要求的断然性,使得行动者必须以遵从来回应法律的要求,但遵从和一致在外观上无法区分,这就必须动用法律观点,也因此就会区别官员与民众,从而整体上改变拉兹最初的理论设想。

Joseph Raz's core idea on the nature of law is“Law claims legitimate authority”.However,due to the conceptual distinction between authority and naked power,authority must be normative power,not physical power.However,as de facto authority,if law is a normative power,then the concept of legitimate authority is nonsense;on the contrary,de facto authority would be physical or naked power.In addition,the preempt nature of authoritative directives,which the law as,required the compliance with the law,but not conformity to the law.And,in order to distinct between compliance and conformity,the legal point of view is necessary which will distinguish between officials and peoples and change Raz's original theoretical assumption as a whole.