法律解释中的意图与权威

Intention and Authority in Legal Interpretation

在拉兹的权威意图论中,立法意图实际上具有两种功能:不仅可以为制定法提供正当性来源,还能够在具体的法律解释实践中发挥较弱的作用。但这两种功能都有改进的空间。通过区分“具备权威性”和“实现权威性的方式”,我们可以发现,拉兹主张的“意图关乎正当性”这一结论,实际上是因为“创制意图”与“制定法权威性实现方式”的偶然重合,真正为制定法提供正当性来源的是权威性本身,这使得拉兹版本的权威意图论得以在“权威”的部分变得更薄,以至于能够适用于包括判例法和习惯法在内的所有法律类型。另外,通过论证深层意图应当且能够和最低限度意图共同构成权威意图论之“标准意图”,拉兹版本的权威意图论在“意图”的部分变得更厚,从而使其在具体法律解释实践中发挥更大的作用。

Actually,legislative intent has two functions in Raz's Authoritative Intention Thesis:the legitimacy of legislated law depends on it and the specific practice of legal interpretation is affected by it in a weak sense.But both of the two functions can be improved.By distinguishing between“authority”and“the way to be authority”,we can know that“intention legitimates”advocated by Raz is due to the accidental overlap of“the intention to make law”and“the way in which the legislation to be authority”.It is the“authority”itself not“the way to be authority”that makes a text law,and in this sense,Raz's Authoritative Intention Thesis becomes thinner so that it can be applied to all types of law,including case law and customary law.In addition,apart from the minimal intention,the further intention should and can be an important part of“the standard intention”of Raz's Authoritative Intention Thesis.This makes Raz's Authoritative Intention Thesis thicker so that it can be more useful in the specific practice of legal interpretation.