论硕形铜鼓多样性立饰的文化内涵

The Cultural Connotation of Various Ornaments on Large-shaped Bronze Drums

冷水冲型铜鼓、灵山型铜鼓和北流型铜鼓是汉-唐代流行于岭南地区的铜鼓类型,它们硕大厚重,可合称为硕形铜鼓。这三类铜鼓的鼓面、鼓身上常有丰富多样的立饰,除固定的青蛙塑像外,还有马、牛、鸟、虎、水生生物、植物等,以及人类与动物互动的场景,如乘骑、牛耕、女婢饲马、孩童推龟、观斗蛙、击铜鼓等。这些多样性立饰融合了岭南本土文化、中原文化和滇文化的元素,形成了硕形铜鼓的独特风格。它们既是图腾崇拜的直接体现,又包含了对美好生活的向往、对勇武精神的推崇和对现实生活的反映。立饰所在位置反映了各型铜鼓的演奏方式。

Len gshuichong,Lin gshan,and Beiliu bronze drums were popular throughout the Ling nan region during the Han and Tang dynasties.They are large and heavy,and can be collectively referred to as large-shaped bronze drums.In addition to the fixed frog-shaped ornaments,other animal shapes do also ornate these instruments,such as horses,cows,birds,tigers,aquatic animals.Furthermore,seenes of human-animal interaction such as horseback riding,cattle plowing,maids feeding horses,and children pushing turtles,watching frogs fight,and playing on bronze drums may also be found on large-shaped bronze drums.These diverse reliefs blend elements of local Ling nan culture,Chinese Han culture,and Yunnan culture to create a unique style on large-shaped bronze drums.They are not only a direct manifestation of totemic worship,but also contain aspirations to a better life,reverence for the spirit of bravery,as well as depictions of real life.The position of the carved figures indicate the playing style of each type of bronze drum.